Abstract: A method is performed by a device of a group of devices in a distributed data replication system. The method includes storing an index of objects in the distributed data replication system, the index being replicated while the objects are stored locally by the plurality of devices in the distributed data replication system. The method also includes conducting a scan of at least a portion of the index and identifying a redundant replica(s) of the at least one of the objects based on the scan of the index. The method further includes de-duplicating the redundant replica(s), and updating the index to reflect the status of the redundant replica.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for facilitating deduplication of operations to be performed is presented. An operation to be performed is received. A mapping function is applied to at least one parameter of the operation to produce a mapping value in a target mapping space, the target mapping space being partitioned between target servers in a set of target servers proportional to resource capacities of the target servers in the set of target servers. A target server in the set of target servers whose portion of the target mapping space includes the mapping value is identified. The operation is issued to the target server.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for facilitating deduplication of operations to be performed is presented. An operation to be performed is received. A mapping function is applied to at least one parameter of the operation to produce a mapping value in a target mapping space, the target mapping space being partitioned between target servers in a set of target servers proportional to resource capacities of the target servers in the set of target servers. A target server in the set of target servers whose portion of the target mapping space includes the mapping value is identified. The operation is issued to the target server.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for facilitating deduplication of operations to be performed is presented. An operation to be performed is received. A mapping function is applied to at least one parameter of the operation to produce a mapping value in a target mapping space, the target mapping space being partitioned between target servers in a set of target servers proportional to resource capacities of the target servers in the set of target servers. A target server in the set of target servers whose portion of the target mapping space includes the mapping value is identified. The operation is issued to the target server.

Abstract: A method is performed by a device of a group of devices in a distributed data replication system. The method includes storing an index of objects in the distributed data replication system, the index being replicated while the objects are stored locally by the plurality of devices in the distributed data replication system. The method also includes conducting a scan of at least a portion of the index and identifying a redundant replica(s) of the at least one of the objects based on the scan of the index. The method further includes de-duplicating the redundant replica(s), and updating the index to reflect the status of the redundant replica.

Abstract: A method is performed by a device of a group of devices in a distributed data replication system. The method includes storing an index of objects in the distributed data replication system, the index being replicated while the objects are stored locally by the plurality of devices in the distributed data replication system. The method also includes conducting a scan of at least a portion of the index and identifying a redundant replica(s) of the at least one of the objects based on the scan of the index. The method further includes de-duplicating the redundant replica(s), and updating the index to reflect the status of the redundant replica.

Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, systems, and devices for managing load in a distributed storage system. In one aspect, a method is performed at a first instance server in the distributed storage system, the first instance server having memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The method includes: (i) issuing a first plurality of requests to a second instance server; (ii) obtaining one or more messages from the second instance server in response to the first plurality of requests, the messages indicating a utilization rate of the second instance server; (iii) determining a transaction rate limit for the second instance server based on the utilization rate of the second instance server; and (iv) issuing a second plurality of requests to the second instance server, where the second plurality of requests are issued at a rate no greater than the transaction rate limit.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for facilitating deduplication of operations to be performed is presented. An operation to be performed is received. A mapping function is applied to at least one parameter of the operation to produce a mapping value in a target mapping space, the target mapping space being partitioned between target servers in a set of target servers proportional to resource capacities of the target servers in the set of target servers. A target server in the set of target servers whose portion of the target mapping space includes the mapping value is identified. The operation is issued to the target server.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for facilitating deduplication of operations to be performed is presented. An operation to be performed is received. A mapping function is applied to at least one parameter of the operation to produce a mapping value in a target mapping space, the target mapping space being partitioned between target servers in a set of target servers proportional to resource capacities of the target servers in the set of target servers. A target server in the set of target servers whose portion of the target mapping space includes the mapping value is identified. The operation is issued to the target server.

Abstract: A distributed storage system has multiple instances. There is a plurality of local instances, and at least some of the local instances are at physically distinct geographic locations. Each local instance is configured to store data for a non-empty set of blobs in a plurality of data stores having a plurality of distinct data store types. In addition, each local instance stores metadata for the respective set of blobs in a metadata store distinct from the data stores. There is also a plurality of global instances. Each global instance is configured to store data for zero or more blobs in zero or more data stores and store metadata for all blobs stored at any local or global instance. The system selects one global instance to run a replication module that replicates blobs between instances according to blob policies. Some systems also include dynamic replication based on user needs.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for throttling data probabilistically. One of the methods includes receiving, from a client device for a particular entity, a request to process data, determining a size of data to be processed, providing, to a throttler system, a bandwidth assignment request indicating the particular entity and the size of data to be processed, receiving, from the throttler system, a bandwidth assignment for the particular entity to use when serving the request, and probabilistically determining whether to currently serve the request based on the bandwidth assignment, the size of the data to be processed, and an accrued quantity of tokens for the particular entity.

Abstract: A distributed storage system has a plurality of instances. A computer system simulates the state of the distributed storage system. The system obtains a current state of the distributed storage system and replication policies for objects in the distributed storage system. Each replication policy specifies criteria for placing copies of the relevant objects among the plurality of instances. The system receives proposed modifications to the state of the distributed storage system and simulates the state of the distributed storage system over time based on the current state of the distributed storage system, current statistical trends in the state of the distributed storage system, the replication policies for the objects in the distributed storage system, and the proposed modifications to the state of the distributed storage system. One or more reports are generated relating to time evolution of the state of the distributed storage system based on the simulation.

Abstract: A location assignment daemon (LAD) manages placement of object replicas in a distributed storage system. The distributed storage system may include a plurality of instances, which may be at distinct geographic locations. The LAD determines placement categories for objects stored in the distributed storage system. A placement category for an object corresponds to the object's placement policy and current replica locations. There are substantially fewer placement categories than objects. The LAD determines an action plan for each placement category whose associated objects require either creation or removal of object replicas. Each action plan includes either creating or removing an object replica. The LAD prioritizes the action plans and implements at least a subset of the action plans in priority order in accordance with available resources in the distributed storage system. Each action plan is applied to objects in the placement category corresponding to the action plan.

Abstract: Managing placement of object replicas is performed at a first instance of a distributed storage system. One or more journals are opened for storage of object chunks. Each journal is associated with a single placement policy. A first object is received comprising at least a first object chunk. The first object is associated with a first placement policy. The first object chunk is stored in a first journal whose associated placement policy matches the first placement policy. The first journal stores only object chunks for objects whose placement policies match the first placement policy. For the first journal, the receiving and storing operations are repeated for multiple objects whose associated placement policies match the first placement policy, until a first termination condition occurs. Then, the first journal is closed. Subsequently, the first journal is replicated to a second instance of the distributed storage system according to the first placement policy.

Abstract: A distributed storage system stores data for files. A first blob (binary large object) of data is received. The first blob is split into one or more first chunks of data. Content fingerprints for the first chunks of data are computed. The first chunks of data are stored in a chunk store while and their content fingerprints are stored in a store distinct from the chunk store. A second blob of data is received. The second blob is split into one or more second chunks of data. Content fingerprints for the second chunks of data are computed. Then for a second chunk of data whose content fingerprint matches a content fingerprint of a first chunk of data, a second reference to the corresponding first chunk of data that has a matching content fingerprint is stored, but the second chunk of data is not stored.

Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, systems, and devices for managing load in a distributed storage system. In one aspect, a method is performed at a first instance server in the distributed storage system, the first instance server having memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The method includes: (i) issuing a first plurality of requests to a second instance server; (ii) obtaining one or more messages from the second instance server in response to the first plurality of requests, the messages indicating a utilization rate of the second instance server; (iii) determining a transaction rate limit for the second instance server based on the utilization rate of the second instance server; and (iv) issuing a second plurality of requests to the second instance server, where the second plurality of requests are issued at a rate no greater than the transaction rate limit.

Abstract: Placement of object replicas in a distributed storage system includes, at a first instance, opening a journal for storage of object chunks. An object is received, which comprises one or more chunks. Each chunk comprises one or more storage blocks. The blocks for a single chunk are stored in a single journal. Global metadata for the object is stored, which includes a list of chunks for the object. Local metadata for the chunk is stored, which includes a block list identifying each block of the plurality of blocks. The local metadata is associated with the journal. The journal is later closed. The journal is subsequently replicated to a second instance. The global metadata is updated to reflect the replication, whereas the local metadata is unchanged by the replication.

Abstract: Managing consistency of object replicas is performed at a first instance of a distributed storage system. The first instance performs garbage collection on a shard that includes a first plurality of object chunks, thereby removing a second plurality of object chunks from the shard. This leaves a third plurality of object chunks in the shard, where the first plurality of object chunks is the union of the second and third pluralities of object chunks. The first instance sends a first list of identifiers to a second instance of the distributed storage system. The second instance has a replica of the shard. The first list of identifiers specifies the object chunks in the third plurality of object chunks. The second instance removes all object chunks from the replica of the shard that are not included in the first list.

Abstract: A system, computer-readable storage medium storing at least one program, and a computer-implemented method for managing load on a downstream server in a distributed storage system is presented. Messages received from the downstream server in response to transactions issued by the upstream server to the downstream server are monitored, where the transactions are issued to the downstream server at a rate no greater than a transaction rate limit, the transaction rate limit being based at least in part on a maximum transaction processing rate of the downstream server. The transaction rate limit is adjusted based at least in part on a number of messages that include a pushback signal received over at least one predetermined time interval, where the pushback signal indicates that a utilization rate of the downstream server has exceeded a predetermined utilization rate.

Abstract: A method is performed by a device of a group of devices in a distributed data replication system. The method includes storing an index of objects in the distributed data replication system, the index being replicated while the objects are stored locally by the plurality of devices in the distributed data replication system. The method also includes conducting a scan of at least a portion of the index and identifying a redundant replica(s) of the at least one of the objects based on the scan of the index. The method further includes de-duplicating the redundant replica(s), and updating the index to reflect the status of the redundant replica.