Abstract: A sensor for electromagnetic quantities includes a bistable device whose residence times in the stable states depend on the electromagnetic quantity. The bistable device further includes a switching zone, whose dimension in the direction of a current of charge carriers is smaller than the ballistic mean free path of the charge carriers within the switching zone. An analyzer circuit may be used for generating a sensor output signal depending on the residence times of the bistable device for measuring the electromagnetic quantity. The switching device may be a resonant tunneling diode or a Y-branch nanojunction.

Abstract: A sensor for electromagnetic quantities includes a bistable device whose residence times in the stable states depend on the electromagnetic quantity. The bistable device further includes a switching zone, whose dimension in the direction of a current of charge carriers is smaller than the ballistic mean free path of the charge carriers within the switching zone. An analyzer circuit may be used for generating a sensor output signal depending on the residence times of the bistable device for measuring the electromagnetic quantity. The switching device may be a resonant tunneling diode or a Y-branch nanojunction.

Abstract: A unipolar semiconductor laser is provided in which an active region is sandwiched in a guiding structure between an upper and lower cladding layer, the lower cladding layer being situated on a semiconducting substrate. The unipolar semiconductor laser comprises a raised ridge section running from end to end between end mirrors defining the laser cavity. The ridge section aids in optical and electrical confinement. The ridge waveguide is divided in a plurality of cavity segments (at least two). Lattice structures can be arranged on and/or adjacent to these cavity segments. Each cavity segment is in contact with upper metallic electrodes. A metallic electrode coupled to the bottom surface of the semiconducting substrate facilitates current injection through the device.

Abstract: A unipolar semiconductor laser is provided in which an active region is sandwiched in a guiding structure between an upper and lower cladding layer, the lower cladding layer being situated on a semiconducting substrate. The unipolar semiconductor laser comprises a raised ridge section running from end to end between end mirrors defining the laser cavity. The ridge section aids in optical and electrical confinement. The ridge waveguide is divided in a plurality of cavity segments (at least two). Lattice structures can be arranged on and/or adjacent to these cavity segments. Each cavity segment is in contact with upper metallic electrodes. A metallic electrode coupled to the bottom surface of the semiconducting substrate facilitates current injection through the device.

Abstract: A unipolar semiconductor laser is provided in which an active region is sandwiched in a guiding structure between an upper and lower cladding layer, the lower cladding layer being situated on a semiconducting substrate. The unipolar semiconductor laser comprises a raised ridge section running from end to end between end mirrors defining the laser cavity. The ridge section aids in optical and electrical confinement. The ridge waveguide is divided in a plurality of cavity segments (at least two). Lattice structures can be arranged on and/or adjacent to these cavity segments. Each cavity segment is in contact with upper metallic electrodes. A metallic electrode coupled to the bottom surface of the semiconducting substrate facilitates current injection through the device.

Abstract: A unipolar semiconductor laser is provided in which an active region is sandwiched in a guiding structure between an upper and lower cladding layer, the lower cladding layer being situated on a semiconducting substrate. The unipolar semiconductor laser comprises a raised ridge section running from end to end between end mirrors defining the laser cavity. The ridge section aids in optical and electrical confinement. The ridge waveguide is divided in a plurality of cavity segments (at least two). Lattice structures can be arranged to these cavity segments. Each cavity segment is in contact with upper metallic electrodes. A metallic electrode coupled to the bottom surface of the semiconducting substrate facilitates current injection through the device.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser (22) with a semiconductor substrate (11), a laser layer (13) arranged on the semiconductor substrate, a waveguide ridge (15) arranged at a distance from the laser layer, and a strip-shaped lattice structure (23) arranged in parallel to the laser layer is disclosed. The lattice structure (23) includes two structural regions (24, 25) which are arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge (15) and are formed at a distance from the laser layer (13) above the laser layer (13). A process for the production of such a semiconductor laser is also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser (22) with a semiconductor substrate (11), a laser layer (13) arranged on the semiconductor substrate, a waveguide ridge (15) arranged at a distance from the laser layer, and a strip-shaped lattice structure (23) arranged in parallel to the laser layer is disclosed. The lattice structure (23) includes two structural regions (24, 25) which are arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge (15) and are formed at a distance from the laser layer (13) above the laser layer (13). A process for the production of such a semiconductor laser is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device of nanometric dimensions which exhibits non-linear transistor or rectifying action comprises a region (40) fabricated to provide ballistic transport properties for electron flow, with conductance paths (42, 44, 46) having quantum point contacts (40q) formed in region (40), each path having an associated reservoir of electrons, or contact (50), with an electro-chemical potential, and a linear-response conductance which depends on the energy of electrons injected into the path. An alternating voltage Vl, Vr, is applied across conductance paths (44,46), and a rectified voltage Vc is developed at conductance path (42). Altematively, a constant voltage may be applied to terminal (44), to modulate the characteristics of electron flow through conductance paths (42, 46), in a transistor-like manner. The device may perform a logic AND or OR function, or be used as a frequency multiplier.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser (22) with a semiconductor substrate (11), a laser layer (13) arranged on the semiconductor substrate, a waveguide ridge (15) arranged at a distance from the laser layer, and a strip-shaped lattice structure (23) arranged in parallel to the laser layer is disclosed. The lattice structure (23) includes two structural regions (24, 25) which are arranged on both sides of the waveguide ridge (15) and are formed at a distance from the laser layer (13) above the laser layer (13). A process for the production of such a semiconductor laser is also disclosed.