Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and compositions for protein and peptide sequencing.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining a sample genome from a plurality of read fragments and a reference genome. The method includes: (i) applying a first putative variant event, selected from a set of candidate variant events, to the sample genome to update the sample genome; (ii) mapping the plurality of read fragments to the updated sample genome; (hi) based on the mapping of the plurality of read fragments to the updated sample genome, determining a first read mapping cost function; and (iv) based on the first read mapping cost function, retaining the updated sample genome and removing the first putative variant event from the set of candidate variant events.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and compositions for protein and peptide sequencing.

Abstract: Contemporary gene sequencing techniques, including “Next Generation Sequencing” techniques, can include sequencing a plurality of fragments of a target polynucleotide. However, tire limitations of existing sequencing techniques, and the often repetitive or otherwise difficult-to-sequence structure of natural polynucleotides, means that it can be difficult and/or expensive to generate accurate sequences. Methods provided herein include inserting dual polynucleotide ‘barcodes,’ along with neighboring primer sequences, into a target polynucleotide prior to other sequencing processes. These inserted barcodes can improve the accuracy of sequences generated for the target by adding ‘noise’ into the target, allowing subsequent sequencing techniques (e.g., alignment, stitching, etc.) to more accurately estimate the target-plus-barcodes sequence.

Abstract: Contemporary gene sequencing techniques, including “Next Generation Sequencing” techniques, can include sequencing a plurality of fragments of a target polynucleotide. These fragment sequences are then used to determine a sequence for the target as a whole. This can include aligning the fragment sequences to each other anchor to a reference genome. However, the limitations of existing sequencing techniques, and the often repetitive or otherwise difficult-to-sequence structure of natural polynucleotides, means that it can be difficult and/or expensive to generate accurate sequences. Methods provided herein include inserting polynucleotide ‘barcodes’ into a target polynucleotide prior to fragmentation or other sequencing processes. These inserted barcodes can improve the accuracy of sequences generated for the target by adding ‘noise’ into the target, allowing subsequent sequencing techniques (e.g., alignment, stitching, etc.) to more accurately estimate the target-plus-barcodes sequence.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing crude methanol are disclosed. A crude methanol stream, comprising methanol and paraffin wax, is produced from syngas (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen). The crude methanol stream is cooled to form a partially condensed crude methanol stream, which is further separated in a vapor-liquid separator to form a liquid stream and a gas stream. The liquid stream is further cooled in a dewaxing unit to remove paraffin wax. The dewaxing unit includes two or more cooling units arranged in parallel such that when one of the cooling units is offline for cleaning, the methanol system does not need to be shut down.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing methanol are disclosed. A synthesis gas stream is split to form a first synthesis gas stream and a second synthesis gas stream. The first synthesis gas stream is fed into a primary methanol synthesis unit. The second synthesis gas stream is fed into a secondary methanol synthesis unit for producing methanol. The first effluent stream from the primary methanol synthesis unit and/or the second effluent stream from the secondary methanol synthesis unit are further separated to produce methanol product stream and one or more recycle streams comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and an inert gas. The one or more recycle streams are recycled to the primary methanol synthesis unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing crude methanol are disclosed. A crude methanol stream, comprising methanol and paraffin wax, is produced from syngas (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen). The crude methanol stream is cooled to form a partially condensed crude methanol stream, which is further separated in a vapor-liquid separator to form a liquid stream and a gas stream. The liquid stream is further cooled in a dewaxing unit to remove paraffin wax. The dewaxing unit includes two or more cooling units arranged in parallel such that when one of the cooling units is offline for cleaning, the methanol system does not need to be shut down.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and compositions for protein and peptide sequencing.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods and compositions for protein and peptide sequencing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system and method capable of producing benzene from a product stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system and method capable of producing butadiene from a product stream.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.