Abstract: A detailing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a colorant present in an amount ranging from about 1.00 wt % to about 3.00 wt % based on a total weight of the detailing agent. The colorant is a dye having substantially no absorbance in a range of 650 nm to 2500 nm. The detailing agent also includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, and a balance of water.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printing method includes applying a build material, including: a plurality of first reactive particles; a plurality of second reactive particles, the first and second reactive particles to react with each other upon contact there with; and a coating on i) the plurality of first reactive particles; or ii) the plurality of second reactive particles; or iii) both i) and ii). The coating is to isolate the plurality of first reactive from the plurality of second reactive particles. A fluid is selectively applied on a portion of the build material, the fluid disrupting the coating on the portion of the build material to render the first and second reactive particles in the portion of the build material in contact with each other. The contact initiates mutual reacting and fusing between the first and second reactive particles.

Abstract: A fixable, UV curable ink includes an aqueous ink vehicle including water and a co-solvent, a pigment, and a dispersant. A polyurethane polymer dispersion is suspended as droplets within the aqueous ink vehicle. The polyurethane polymer dispersion includes a polyurethane polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyether-based polyurethane, a polyester-based polyurethane, a polycarbonate-based polyurethane, and mixtures thereof. The polyurethane polymer has i) an acid number ranging from 0 mg/g to less than 20 mg/g and ii) a glass transition temperature of less than 0° C. A water soluble or water dispersible photoinitiator is present in the fixable, UV curable ink. A base may be included in an amount sufficient to adjust a pH of the UV curable ink so that it ranges from 7.5 to 9.5. An additive may be included and selected from the group consisting of a biocide, a non-ionic surfactant, an anti-kogation agent, a buffer, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Examples provide inkjet ink sets and related methods. An ink set may include a pre-treatment fixing fluid, an ink, and a post-treatment fluid including a wax and a binder present in the post-treatment fluid in a range of about 10 weight percent to about 30 weight percent.

Abstract: An ink set includes a pre-treatment fixing fluid including at least two metal salts and a fixable, ultraviolet (UV) curable ink. The UV curable ink includes an aqueous ink vehicle, a pigment dispersed in the aqueous ink vehicle, and a dispersant. A polyurethane polymer dispersion is suspended as droplets within the aqueous ink vehicle. The polyurethane polymer dispersion includes a polyurethane polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyether-based polyurethane, a polyester-based polyurethane, a polycarbonate-based polyurethane, and mixtures thereof. The polyurethane polymer has i) an acid number ranging from 0 mg/g to less than 20 mg/g and ii) a glass transition temperature of less than 0 C. A water soluble or water dispersible photoinitiator is present in the pre-treatment fixing fluid or in the fixable, UV curable ink.

Abstract: Provided in one example herein is a three-dimensional printing method, comprising: (A) forming a layer comprising a comprising particles comprising a polymer and cavities between the particles, wherein the particles have an average diameter of between about 5 ?m and about 250 ?m; (B) disposing a liquid suspension over at least a portion of the layer such that the liquid suspension infiltrates into the cavities, wherein the liquid suspension comprises a radiation-absorbing coalescent agent and nanoparticles having an average diameter of less than or equal to about 500 nm; (C) forming an object slice by exposing the infiltrated layer to a radiant energy, wherein the object slice comprises a polymeric matrix comprising the polymeric particles, at least some of which are fused to one another, and the nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix; and (D) repeating (A) to (C) to form the three-dimensional object comprising multiple object slices bound depth-wise to one another.

Abstract: In an example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, a build material (consisting of an inorganic particle and a polymer attached thereto) is applied. The polymer is a continuous coating having a thickness from about 3 nm to about 1500 nm, or nano-beads having an average diameter from about 3 nm to about 1500 nm. The build material is heated to a temperature from about 5° C. to about 50° C. below the polymer's melting point. A coalescent dispersion (including a coalescent agent and inorganic nanoparticles) is selectively applied on a portion of the build material, and the applied build material and coalescent dispersion are exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The coalescent dispersion absorbs the electromagnetic radiation and heats up the portion of the build material in contact therewith to fuse the portion of the build material in contact with the coalescent dispersion and to form a layer of a 3D object.

Abstract: A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The cosolvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printing system includes a fabrication bed, a build material to be introduced into the fabrication bed, an inkjet applicator, a coalescing agent to be selectively introduced by the inkjet applicator onto the build material in the fabrication bed, and a radiation source to expose the coalescing agent and the build material in the fabrication bed to electromagnetic radiation. The coalescing agent includes a co-solvent having a boiling point of less than 300 C, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object may be generated. First and second agent distributors may be to respectively selectively deliver a binder agent and a coalescing agent onto portions of a layer of build material. A controller may be to control the first and second agent distributors to respectively selectively deliver the binder agent and the coalescing agent onto respective first and second portions of the layer in patterns derived from data representing a slice of the three-dimensional object to be generated. The first portion having the binder agent may be to bind and solidify into a binder matrix. When energy is applied to the layer the second portion having the second agent may be to coalesce and solidify.

Abstract: A printing system includes a media transport device to move a medium at a speed ranging from about 15.24 mpm to about 609.6 mpm. The system includes an ink applicator to apply ink on the medium, and a treatment applicator to apply a treatment composition (including liquid vehicle, polyvalent metal salt fixing agent, and latex resin having an acid number less than 20) before or after the ink is applied, to form a printed-on medium. The system further includes a heating system programmed to: i) dry the printed-on medium at a predetermined temperature for a reduced dwell time (from about 1 second to about 40 seconds); and ii) leave residual moisture in the printed-on medium for a predetermined time after the reduced dwell time. The residual moisture is at a level that is higher than an initial moisture content of the medium prior to treatment composition and ink application.

Abstract: In a computational modeling method for identifying how to apply a modifying agent during a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, a thermal diffusion model of a layer of a 3D object to be formed from a portion of a sinterable material using the 3D printing method is created. The thermal diffusion model is created by a computer running computer readable instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium. A quantity of the modifying agent to be selectively applied is calculated, by the computer, based upon the thermal diffusion model.

Abstract: An inkjet printing system is described herein. In an implementation, the inkjet printing system includes a fixer dispensing unit for applying a fixer composition on a substrate and an ink dispensing unit for applying an ink composition on the substrate. The fixer composition includes a metal salt in a range of about 5% to 10% by weight. Further, the ink composition includes a liquid vehicle having a non-volatile organic solvent, a colorant dispersed in the liquid vehicle, and a latex binder dispersed in the liquid vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure sets forth a fluid set and a method of wet-on-wet printing. The fluid set can comprise an analog pretreatment fluid including water, latex, and a salt; and a first and second inkjet ink each comprising water, pigment, a solvent system, and a surfactant system. The analog pretreatment fluid can be prepared to have a surface tension from 32 dynes/cm to 40 dynes/cm. The first inkjet ink can have a surface tension ranging from 2 dynes/cm greater than the surface tension of the analog fixer fluid to 6 dynes/cm less than the surface tension of the analog fixer fluid. Likewise, the second inkjet ink can have a surface tension ranging from 2 dynes/cm greater than the surface tension of the analog fixer fluid to 6 dynes/cm less than the surface tension of the analog fixer fluid.

Abstract: A method of producing a printed image on a low-porous or non-porous medium. The method encompasses applying a pretreatment fluid including a liquid vehicle, at least one polymeric binder, and an associative thickener to the low-porous or non-porous medium; and applying an aqueous pigment ink composition to the pretreatment fluid applied to the low-porous or non-porous medium, wherein the pretreatment fluid has a viscosity of about 10 cps to about 1000 cps and a surface tension of about 16 dynes/cm to about 30 dynes/cm and the viscosity of the pretreatment fluid allows mixing of the pigment ink composition with the pretreatment fluid.

Abstract: Pre-treatment composition and printing method for printing durable images using such pre-treatment composition are disclosed. A disclosed example of the pre-treatment composition includes a liquid vehicle, a polyvalent metal salt, a latex resin and thickener. Moreover, a printing method is also disclosed with an ink composition comprising of an aqueous liquid vehicle and a colorant after pre-treatment with said pre-treatment composition.

Abstract: An example of a pre-treatment fixing fluid for an offset coated medium includes calcium propionate, calcium pantothenate, tetraethylene glycol, a surfactant having an HLB less than 10, an acid, and a balance of water. The calcium propionate is present in an amount ranging from greater than 4.5 wt % to 8.0 wt %, the calcium pantothenate is present in an amount ranging from about 2.0 wt % to equal to or less than 15 wt %, and the surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt %, each based on the total wt % of the pre-treatment fixing fluid. The acid is present in an amount sufficient to render the pH from about 4.0 to about 7.0.

Abstract: An ink set includes a pre-treatment fixing fluid including at least two metal salts and a fixable, ultraviolet (UV) curable ink. The UV curable ink includes an aqueous ink vehicle, a pigment dispersed in the aqueous ink vehicle, and a dispersant. A polyurethane polymer dispersion is suspended as droplets within the aqueous ink vehicle. The polyurethane polymer dispersion includes a polyurethane polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyether-based polyurethane, a polyester-based poly-urethane, a polycarbonate-based polyurethane, and mixtures thereof. The polyurethane polymer has i) an acid number ranging from 0 mg/g to less than 20 mg/g and ii) a glass transition temperature of less than 0 C. A water soluble or water dispersible photoinitiator is present in the pre-treatment fixing fluid or in the fixable, UV curable ink.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides ink sets and related methods. An ink set can comprise an ink including an ink colorant and an ink vehicle, the ink devoid of metal salt; a treatment fluid including a latex, the treatment fluid devoid of thickener and colorant; and a fixer fluid including a precipitating agent, the fixer fluid devoid of colorant.

Abstract: A printing system including a print engine, a drying module, and a heating module. The print engine applies printing fluid on media. The drying module dries the printing fluid and provides dried printing fluid. The heating module applies thermal energy to the dried printing fluid and transitions the dried printing fluid to a cured printing fluid that has improved durability versus the dried printing fluid.