Abstract: Management services are provided during local breakout at a femto access point (FAP). In an aspect, the FAP facilitates policy management and employs a policy component to perform an analysis and enforce a set of policies for dynamically selecting an optimal route for traffic received at the FAP based on a decision-making process. Typically, the set of policies can specify different routes based on various factors, such as, but not limited to, type of traffic, current and/or future network resource availability, current time, day and/or date, location of the FAP, location of a UE sending/receiving the traffic, a lowest cost route, and/or route based on cost-benefit, etc. Further, a monitoring component is employed to observe the route employed by that traffic, which can be utilized by various services, such as, billing, Quality of Service, security management, address management, failure management and/or provisioning.

Abstract: Management services are provided during local breakout at a femto access point (FAP). In an aspect, the FAP facilitates policy management and employs a policy component to perform an analysis and enforce a set of policies for dynamically selecting an optimal route for traffic received at the FAP based on a decision-making process. Typically, the set of policies can specify different routes based on various factors, such as, but not limited to, type of traffic, current and/or future network resource availability, current time, day and/or date, location of the FAP, location of a UE sending/receiving the traffic, a lowest cost route, and/or route based on cost-benefit, etc. Further, a monitoring component is employed to observe the route employed by that traffic, which can be utilized by various services, such as, billing, Quality of Service, security management, address management, failure management and/or provisioning.

Abstract: Management services are provided during local breakout at a femto access point (FAP). In an aspect, the FAP facilitates policy management and employs a policy component to perform an analysis and enforce a set of policies for dynamically selecting an optimal route for traffic received at the FAP based on a decision-making process. Typically, the set of policies can specify different routes based on various factors, such as, but not limited to, type of traffic, current and/or future network resource availability, current time, day and/or date, location of the FAP, location of a UE sending/receiving the traffic, a lowest cost route, and/or route based on cost-benefit, etc. Further, a monitoring component is employed to observe the route employed by that traffic, which can be utilized by various services, such as, billing, Quality of Service, security management, address management, failure management and/or provisioning.

Abstract: Management services are provided during local breakout at a femto access point (FAP). In an aspect, the FAP facilitates policy management and employs a policy component to perform an analysis and enforce a set of policies for dynamically selecting an optimal route for traffic received at the FAP based on a decision-making process. Typically, the set of policies can specify different routes based on various factors, such as, but not limited to, type of traffic, current and/or future network resource availability, current time, day and/or date, location of the FAP, location of a UE sending/receiving the traffic, a lowest cost route, and/or route based on cost-benefit, etc. Further, a monitoring component is employed to observe the route employed by that traffic, which can be utilized by various services, such as, billing, Quality of Service, security management, address management, failure management and/or provisioning.

Abstract: A system and methodology that provides management services during local breakout at a femto access point (FAP) is provided. In particular, the FAP facilitates policy management and employs a policy component to perform an analysis and enforce a set of policies for dynamically selecting an optimal route for traffic received at the FAP based on a decision-making process. Typically, the set of policies can specify different routes based on various factors, such as, but not limited to, type of traffic, current and/or future network resource availability, current time, day and/or date, location of the FAP, location of a UE sending/receiving the traffic, a lowest cost route, and/or route based on cost-benefit, etc. Further, a monitoring component is employed to observe the route employed by that traffic, which can be utilized by various services, such as, billing, Quality of Service, security management, address management, failure management and/or provisioning.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing near lossless-concatenated N-level constrained quantization Hadamard transform decoding are provided. Accordingly, the present invention provides a transform-based coding technique, where the coding loss introduced during repeated encoding and decoding is reduced to a substantially insignificant level. This is accomplished by employing a constrained quantization and inverse quantization operation in each level of encoding/decoding in the decoder. In this manner, the concatenation error between each level of a decoder is reduced to a substantially minimum level and the quantization error introduced during quantization operations, i.e., originally at the encoder and in each level of the decoder, is substantially reduced. Thus, the decoded bit stream that is output at the N-th level of the decoder is substantially the same as the original bit stream provided to the input of the encoder.

Abstract: A technique for use in a block transform-based coding system of processing (e.g., encoding and/or decoding) one or more block transform coefficients associated with at least one block of visual data (e.g., an image and/or video sequence) comprises the following steps. First, one or more previously reconstructed block transform coefficients associated with the visual data are identified. Then, a context selection value is computed for use in processing a block transform coefficient associated with the at least one block, the context selection value being based on the one or more previously reconstructed block transform coefficients. The context selection value may be computed as a function of one or more values respectively associated with one or more previously reconstructed block transform coefficients in near proximity, with respect to a scanning order, to the block transform coefficient to be processed.

Abstract: A technique is provided for use in a video processing system for selecting between an inter-frame coding mode and an intra-frame coding mode when processing a current portion of a video sequence. The technique includes identifying previously reconstructed samples associated with the current portion from a current frame and a reference frame of the video sequence. Then, a selection is made whether to implement the inter-frame coding technique or the intra-frame coding technique on the current portion based on comparisons associated with the previously reconstructed samples. The technique may be implemented in both a video encoder and a video decoder. As a result, the encoder does not need to transmit coding mode-related overhead information to a corresponding decoder. By way of example, the invention may be implemented in a pixel-based coding system or a block transform-based coding system.

Abstract: A method of perceptually quantizing a block of an image or video sequence includes generating a non-perceptibility of distortion value. The non-perceptibility of distortion value is calculated from one or more masking values, e.g., complexity, brightness, movement, etc., which themselves are respectively calculated from previously reconstructed samples associated with the image or video sequence. The reconstructed samples form one or more causal templates that are used to calculate such masking effects and, thus, the non-perceptibility of distortion value. The perceptual quantization method then includes generating a quantization step size value which is a function of the non-perceptibility of distortion value. Since templates consisting only of previously reconstructed samples are used to derive the quantization step size value, the templates used at the encoder are also available at the decoder.

Abstract: A method of generating a motion vector associated with a current block of a current frame of a video sequence includes searching at least a section of a reference frame to identify previously reconstructed samples from the reference frame that best estimate motion associated with previously reconstructed samples from the current frame associated with the current block. The previously reconstructed samples may form sets of samples. Such sets may be in the form of respective templates. The method then includes computing a motion vector identifying the location of the set of previously reconstructed samples from the reference frame that best estimates the set of previously reconstructed samples from the current frame associated with the current block. It is to be appreciated such a motion estimation technique is performed in both a video encoder and video decoder so that motion vector data does not need to be transmitted from the encoder to the decoder.

Abstract: Digital streams are converted into analog signals for recording by analog recorders, such as conventional video cassette recorders, onto analog storage media, such as conventional video cassette tapes. The recorded analog signals are then retrieved from the analog storage media using an analog player, such as a conventional video cassette player, and converted back into the original digital streams. The present invention allows conventional analog-based recording and playing equipment, like video cassette recorders/players, to be used for storing and retrieving digital data. In one embodiment, the digital streams correspond to digital audio/video data and the retrieved digital streams can be further processed to playback the audio/video streams using conventional television sets. In other embodiments, the digital streams correspond to other digital data streams that can be converted into analog signals for storage and retrieval using conventional video cassette recorders and conventional video cassette tapes.

Abstract: A video encoder control system and method are disclosed for controlling a video encoder using a processor having a multiple field delay circuit for delaying input video data by a predetermined number of frames, and a statistics generator for generating statistics from the video data to control the encoder. The statistics generator calculates a sum of absolute values of field differences between pixels, with the sum used for detecting a redundant field, for generating a film flag, and for controlling the encoder using the film flag. The statistics generator calculates averages of blocks of pixels, and a fade detector uses the averages for detecting fades between successive frames to generate a fade flag to control the encoding. The rate controller responds to the statistics to change the resolution of the encoding of successive frames. The processor outputs the film flags, scene change flags, and fade flags to the rate controller to control the encoding of the delayed video data.