Abstract: In one implementation, a data block access system accesses access control information associated with a plurality of data blocks of a storage volume at a data store, and determines whether a user associated with a request for access to a data block from the plurality of data blocks is authorized for the requested access. The data block access system determines whether the user is authorized for the requested access based on the access control information associated with that data block.

Abstract: In one implementation, a secure operation system initiates a secure operation associated with a virtual machine hosted at a secured host, and determines when the secure operation is complete. In response to determining that the secure operation is complete, the secure operation system migrates the virtual machine to a host other than the secured host.

Abstract: Example embodiments disclosed herein relate to a persistent volume at an offset of a virtual block device of a storage server. Example embodiments include requesting that a persistent volume be dissociated from a virtual block device in response to the termination of a virtual machine.

Abstract: Example embodiments disclosed herein relate to input/output (I/O) operations at a virtual block device of a storage server. Example embodiments include requesting an input/output (I/O) operation at an offset of a virtual block device of a storage server in response to a virtual machine request for an I/O operation at a virtual disk.

Abstract: There is provided a method of transmitting data words. The method includes (a) scrambling a first occurrence of a data word to produce a first scrambled data word, (b) block encoding the first scrambled data word to produce a first code word, (c) scrambling a second occurrence of the data word to produce a second scrambled data word, and (d) block encoding the second scrambled data word to produce a second code word, where the second code word and the first code word are different from one another.

Abstract: There is provided a method of encoding a data word. The method includes encoding a first occurrence of the data word to produce a first code word, and encoding a subsequent occurrence of the data word to produce a second code word. The second code word and the first code word are different from one another.

Abstract: The invention provides glow discharge optical or mass spectrometers wherein a solid sample may be mounted in a unitary source assembly adjacent to a first electrode means. A second electrode means, spaced from sample by an insulating washer, is also part of the source assembly and engages with a discharge chamber into which a discharge gas is introduced. A glow discharge is maintained in the discharge by a potential differential difference applied between the first and second electrode means. In a mass spectrometer, ions formed in the discharge pass to a mass analyzer, while in an optical spectrometer, optical radiation form the discharge is spectroscopically analyzed. Particularly in the case of a mass spectrometer, the source assembly may be mounted on an insertion probe allowing it to be easily withdrawn from the vacuum envelope to facilitate sample changing and maintenance.