Abstract: A steel cap for structurally connecting together a new foundation and an existing tower is disclosed. The new foundation includes at least one foundation element positioned in the ground. The existing tower includes an existing foundation and a tower structure extending from and supported by the existing foundation. The steel cap comprises (a) a first element for connecting the cap to the new foundation element or foundation elements and (b) a second element for connecting the cap to the existing tower and thereby, in use, connecting together the new foundation and the existing tower.

Abstract: A steel cap for structurally connecting together a new foundation and an existing tower is disclosed. The new foundation includes at least one foundation element positioned in the ground. The existing tower includes an existing foundation and a tower structure extending from and supported by the existing foundation. The steel cap comprises (a) a first element for connecting the cap to the new foundation element or foundation elements and (b) a second element for connecting the cap to the existing tower and thereby, in use, connecting together the new foundation and the existing tower.

Abstract: A steel cap 7 for structurally connecting together a new foundation and an existing tower is disclosed. The new foundation includes at least one foundation element 9 positioned in the ground. The existing tower includes an existing foundation 5 and a tower structure 3 extending from and supported by the existing foundation. The steel cap comprises (a) a first element 11 for connecting the cap to the new foundation element or foundation elements and (b) a second element 13 for connecting the cap to the existing tower and thereby, in use, connecting together the new foundation and the existing tower.

Abstract: A steel cap 7 for structurally connecting together a new foundation and an existing tower is disclosed. The new foundation includes at least one foundation element 9 positioned in the ground. The existing tower includes an existing foundation 5 and a tower structure 3 extending from and supported by the existing foundation. The steel cap comprises (a) a first element 11 for connecting the cap to the new foundation element or foundation elements and (b) a second element 13 for connecting the cap to the existing tower and thereby, in use, connecting together the new foundation and the existing tower.

Abstract: A concrete retaining wall block includes insets along the sides and in the rear and a locator protrusion on one of the top or bottom surfaces. The block has a depth that is less than the height and less than one-half of the width of the front surface. A volume is defined behind the front surface of the block. The volume is shaped to receive pourable concrete when a plurality of the blocks are stacked to form a wall in a manner that locks the blocks to concrete behind the blocks when the concrete cures. In preferred embodiments, the concrete is no-fines concrete. Retaining walls may be constructed from these blocks.