Abstract: Provided are mass and heat flow measurement sensors comprising a microresonator, such as a quartz crystal microbalance; a heat flow sensor; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensor. The sensors may be used to measure changes in mass due to a sample on a surface of the microresonator and also to measure heat flow from the sample on the surface of the microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensor, which is coupled thermally to the microresonator. Also provided are methods for measuring the mass of a sample, such as a gas, and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such mass and heat flow measurement sensors.

Abstract: Provided are a measurement apparatus and a measurement system comprising sample and reference microresonators, such as sample and reference quartz crystal microbalances; sample and reference heat flow sensors; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensors. These may be used to measure changes in one or more properties, such as mass, due to a liquid sample on a surface of a sample microresonator and also to measure heat flows from the sample on the surface of the sample microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensors, which are coupled thermally to the corresponding sample or reference microresonators. Also provided is a method for measuring one or more properties, such as mass, of a liquid sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are mass and heat flow measurement sensors comprising a microresonator, such as a quartz crystal microbalance; a heat flow sensor; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensor. The sensors may be used to measure changes in mass due to a sample on a surface of the microresonator and also to measure heat flow from the sample on the surface of the microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensor, which is coupled thermally to the microresonator. Also provided are methods for measuring the mass of a sample, such as a gas, and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such mass and heat flow measurement sensors.

Abstract: Provided are a measurement apparatus and a measurement system comprising sample and reference microresonators, such as sample and reference quartz crystal microbalances; sample and reference heat flow sensors; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensors. These may be used to measure changes in one or more properties, such as mass, due to a liquid sample on a surface of a sample microresonator and also to measure heat flows from the sample on the surface of the sample microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensors, which are coupled thermally to the corresponding sample or reference microresonators. Also provided is a method for measuring one or more properties, such as mass, of a liquid sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a mass and heat flow measurement apparatus comprising sample and reference microresonators, such as sample and reference quartz crystal microbalances; sample and reference heat flow sensors, such as sample and reference isothermal heat conduction calorimeters; and sample and reference heat sinks coupled thermally to the heat flow sensors. The apparatus may be used to measure changes in mass due to a sample on a surface of the sample microresonator and also to measure heat flows from the sample on the surface of the sample microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensors, which are coupled thermally to the corresponding sample or reference microresonators. Also provided is a method for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are mass and heat flow measurement sensors comprising a microresonator, such as a quartz crystal microbalance; a heat flow sensor; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensor. The sensors may be used to measure changes in mass due to a sample, such as a gas sorbing or reacting, on a surface of the microresonator and also to measure heat flow from the sample on the surface of the microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensor, which is coupled thermally to the microresonator. The combined microresonator and heat flow sensor may provide simultaneous and continuous measurement of the changes in mass and heat flow at a gas-solid interface. Also provided are methods for measuring the mass of a sample, such as a gas, and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such mass and heat flow measurement sensors.

Abstract: Provided are mass and heat flow measurement sensors comprising a microresonator, such as a quartz crystal microbalance; a heat flow sensor, such as an isothermal heat conduction calorimeter; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensor. The microresonator may be used to measure changes of mass due to a sample at its surface, and heat flow sensor, which is coupled thermally to the microresonator, may be used to measure heat flow from the sample on the surface of the microresonator to the heat sink. Also provided are methods for measuring the mass of a sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such mass and heat flow measurement sensors.

Abstract: Water from a low pressure irrigation system is conveyed through a tube and sprayed upward from an orifice. A collection of splash plate water deflectors rotates above the orifice on supports extending up from the tube. Different surface shapes on the splash plates create different spray patterns when they are rotated into the path of the water stream from the orifice. A flow rate valve is incorporated into the tube to regulate water flow.

Abstract: A flow control apparatus having a pair of substantially identical housings, each having a path for fluid passage therethrough bounded by an annulus; a resilient body; and substantially identical portions borne by the housings releasably engageable to interlock the housings in an assembled configuration with the resilient body captured in the housings between the annuli of the paths for fluid passage.

Abstract: A connector apparatus for connecting a work object in fluid communication with a first conduit which has a wall having an orifice formed therein, the apparatus including a first portion mounting a locking member, a second portion having a channel formed therein and a second locking member engageable with the first locking member for securing the first and second portions together, the first conduit secured between the first and second portions and a second conduit slidably received in the channel and in the orifice, and the work object mounted in fluid communication therewith, the second conduit connecting the work object in fluid communication with the first conduit. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an irrigation apparatus which includes the steps of determining the desired locations for sprinklers, making the conduit, marking the conduit so as to control positioning thereof and attaching connector apparatuses at the desired locations for the sprinklers.

Abstract: A toothpaste dispenser incorporates a toothed rack 6, pinion 8 mounted on a carriage having an arm for mounting a toothpaste tube 2, and a closure member 29 to close an outlet 0 of the toothpaste tube pivotally moveable against a bias on insertion of a brush into the apparatus for actuation of the pinion along the rack via a crank lever 33 and a ratchet wheel 17. The tube is driven by the carriage through a pair of squeeze rollers to dispense the toothpaste.

Abstract: A sprinkler having a body with a fluid receiving portion, having a cutting edge deployed to cut out a portion of a conduit during installation thereon to receive the fluid receiving portion, and an opposite fluid discharging portion; an arm mounted on the fluid discharging portion of the body; and a splash plate removably mounted on the arm in spaced relation to and in alignment with the fluid discharging portion for deflecting a fluid stream impinging thereupon from the fluid discharging portion into a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: An emitter of very small size connects to a water supply tube by a hollow shank which conducts water to an interior chamber in the emitter housing. Between the chamber and an outlet in the housing the water flow is throttled through an elongated channel having both a wide shallow profile and a narrow steep profile. A free floating (within limits) resilient wafer covers the channel. At initial, very low water pressure at start-up, the wafer does not flex into the channel, thereby affording maximum flow to purge the emitter of unwanted dirt particles and the like. At relatively low operating pressure the wafer flexes into the wide shallow portion of the channel, reducing the flow to a predetermined amount, such as one gallon per hour. At relatively high pressure the wafer flexes further, intruding into the narrow steep slot, thereby compensating for the increased pressure and maintaining fluid flow at said predetermined rate.