Abstract: A method for a receiver to estimate phase of a carrier wave, including receiving a carrier wave carrying pilot symbols and data symbols extending between the pilot symbols, determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Apparatus for estimate phase of a carrier wave, including a unit for determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and a unit for interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A switch having first, second, and third ports receives a multicast join message into the first port on a first VLAN, wherein the first and second ports are associated with the first VLAN, the second and third ports are associated with a second VLAN, and the first, second, and third ports are associated with a multicast VLAN, and wherein the multicast join message represents a first request to join a multicast group; creates an association between the multicast group and the ports associated with the multicast VLAN based on the multicast join message; transmits a network-layer routing protocol message from the second port, wherein the network-layer routing protocol message represents a second request to join the multicast group; receives a multicast packet for the multicast group into the second port; and transmits the multicast packet on the multicast VLAN based on the association.

Abstract: A method for a receiver to estimate phase of a carrier wave, including receiving a carrier wave carrying pilot symbols and data symbols extending between the pilot symbols, determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Apparatus for estimate phase of a carrier wave, including a unit for determining phase of the carrier wave at received pilot symbols, and a unit for interpolating the phase of the carrier wave at points between pilot symbols based, at least in part, on an estimated phase of demodulated data symbols. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes a hierarchical network of switches, which includes at least a first plurality of spine switches, interconnected by a control channel, and a second plurality of edge switches having internal ports coupled to communicate via respective links with the spine switches and external ports for connecting to client devices. The spine switches are configured to detect, via the control channel, a partitioning of the hierarchical network into first and second partitions, including respective first and second numbers of the spine switches, wherein the first number is greater than the second number, and to assign respective priorities to the spine switches responsively to the first and second numbers so as to cause the larger of the partitions to be elected as a spanning tree root.

Abstract: A method for identifying and prioritizing iSCSI traffic in an IP network. At least one iSCSI-aware switch which receives information identifying an iSCSI session, e.g., its iSCSI target port or IP address, may multicast such identifying information to let a second iSCSI-aware switch in the IP network know the information about the iSCSI session. The second iSCSI-aware switch may update its memory, software and hardware, so as to track the iSCSI session when the iSCSI session passes through it and give it priority over other network traffic.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes a hierarchical network of switches, which includes at least a first plurality of spine switches, interconnected by a control channel, and a second plurality of edge switches having internal ports coupled to communicate via respective links with the spine switches and external ports for connecting to client devices. The spine switches are configured to detect, via the control channel, a partitioning of the hierarchical network into first and second partitions, including respective first and second numbers of the spine switches, wherein the first number is greater than the second number, and to assign respective priorities to the spine switches responsively to the first and second numbers so as to cause the larger of the partitions to be elected as a spanning tree root.