Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including electrodes (22) configured to be placed upon a portion of a body of a subject, and a user interface device (26). A computer processor (24) applies a neuromodulation treatment to the subject, by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body via the electrodes, and generates an output on the user interface device that indicates to the subject a physiological effect that the neuromodulation treatment has upon the subject's body. Other applications are also applied.

Abstract: Sensitivity of sensory nerves of a body portion is increased by activating at least one computer processor to iteratively simultaneously apply sets of electrical stimulation pulses to two locations upon a surface of the body portion; receive an input indicative of whether the subject sensed the sets of electrical stimulation pulses as having been applied to a single location or more than one location; in response to the input, designate another set of two locations upon the surface of the body portion at which to simultaneously apply sets of electrical stimulation pulses, the two locations being separated from each other by a distance that is different from the initial distance; and simultaneously apply sets of electrical stimulation pulses to the other set of at least two locations upon the surface of the body portion. Other configurations are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including electrodes (22) configured to be placed upon a portion of a body of a subject, and a user interface device (26). A computer processor (24) applies a neuromodulation treatment to the subject, by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body via the electrodes, and generates an output on the user interface device that indicates to the subject a physiological effect that the neuromodulation treatment has upon the subject's body. Other applications are also applied.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for increasing sensitivity of sensory nerves of a portion of a subject's body. A plurality of electrodes (22) are placed at respective locations upon a surface of the body portion. A computer processor (24) applies sets of electrical stimulation pulses to the respective locations upon the surface, via the electrodes. The computer processor receives respective inputs from the subject, via a user interface (26), each of the inputs corresponding to a respective one of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses, and being indicative of a location at which the subject sensed the set of electrical stimulation pulse as having been applied. In response to the inputs from the subject, the computer processor modulates parameters of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses that are applied to respective locations upon the surface of the body portion. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes identifying a subject as suffering from a headache or a migraine within a head of the subject, and, in response thereto, applying electrical energy to an arm, a leg, a hand, or a foot of the subject's body by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body. The electrical pulses are configured such that more than 50 percent of the applied electrical energy stimulates A-beta sensory nerve fibers, and less than 20 percent of the applied electrical energy stimulates any one of A-delta sensory nerve fibers, C sensory nerve fibers, and motor nerve fibers. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including placing a set of two or more electrodes (22) in electrical contact with a portion of a subject's body. At least one computer processor (24) drives the electrodes to apply an amplitude shift keying signal to the portion of the subject's body, the amplitude shift keying signal containing a high frequency component that acts as a carrier wave, the high frequency component having a frequency of between 80 Hz and 120 Hz, and a low frequency component that acts as a modulating component that modulates the carrier wave, the low frequency component having a frequency of between 1 Hz and 8 Hz. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including electrodes (22) configured to be placed upon a portion of a body of a subject, and a user interface device (26). A computer processor (24) applies a neuromodulation treatment to the subject, by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body via the electrodes, and generates an output on the user interface device that indicates to the subject a physiological effect that the neuromodulation treatment has upon the subject's body. Other applications are also applied.

Abstract: An apparatus is described comprising electrodes (22) configured to be placed upon a portion of a body of a subject, and a user interface device (26). A computer processor (24) applies a neuromodulation treatment to the subject, by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body via the electrodes, and generates an output on the user interface device that indicates to the subject a physiological effect that the neuromodulation treatment has upon the subject's body.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a patch, which includes a plurality of electrodes and is configured to be coupled to a subject. A mobile device includes a computer processor configured to receive, from a remote server, stimulation parameters derived from processing by the remote server of results from electrostimulation treatment of headaches of a plurality of other subjects; receive an input from a subject; and, in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to apply stimulation to the subject using the received stimulation parameters as default stimulation parameters for the stimulation. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for increasing sensitivity of sensory nerves of a portion of a subject's body. A plurality of electrodes (22) are placed at respective locations upon a surface of the body portion. A computer processor (24) applies sets of electrical stimulation pulses to the respective locations upon the surface, via the electrodes. The computer processor receives respective inputs from the subject, via a user interface (26), each of the inputs corresponding to a respective one of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses, and being indicative of a location at which the subject sensed the set of electrical stimulation pulse as having been applied. In response to the inputs from the subject, the computer processor modulates parameters of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses that are applied to respective locations upon the surface of the body portion. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a patch, which includes a plurality of electrodes and is configured to be coupled to a subject; and a mobile device, including a computer processor configured to: obtain a physical location of the subject; obtain, from a remote service, a migraine-related forecast specific to the physical location of the subject; enrich the migraine-related forecast with treatment-related statistics collected from a plurality of other subjects to whom electrostimulation treatment has been applied; present the migraine-related forecast on the mobile device; receive an input from a subject; and in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to apply stimulation to the subject. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for increasing sensitivity of sensory nerves of a portion of a subject's body. A plurality of electrodes (22) are placed at respective locations upon a surface of the body portion. A computer processor (24) applies sets of electrical stimulation pulses to the respective locations upon the surface, via the electrodes. The computer processor receives respective inputs from the subject, via a user interface (26), each of the inputs corresponding to a respective one of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses, and being indicative of a location at which the subject sensed the set of electrical stimulation pulse as having been applied. In response to the inputs from the subject, the computer processor modulates parameters of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses that are applied to respective locations upon the surface of the body portion. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus is described comprising electrodes (22) configured to be placed upon a portion of a body of a subject, and a user interface device (26). A computer processor (24) applies a neuromodulation treatment to the subject, by driving electrical pulses into the portion of the subject's body via the electrodes, and generates an output on the user interface device that indicates to the subject a physiological effect that the neuromodulation treatment has upon the subject's body.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including placing a set of two or more electrodes (22) in electrical contact with a portion of a subject's body. At least one computer processor (24) drives the electrodes to apply an amplitude shift keying signal to the portion of the subject's body, the amplitude shift keying signal containing a high frequency component that acts as a carrier wave, the high frequency component having a frequency of between 80 Hz and 120 Hz, and a low frequency component that acts as a modulating component that modulates the carrier wave, the low frequency component having a frequency of between 1 Hz and 8 Hz. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described including a system for electrostimulation. The system includes a patch (22), including a plurality of electrodes (24a, 24b), and a mobile device (28). A processor (30) of the mobile device is configured to receive an input from a subject (20) that indicates that the subject is experiencing a headache, and, in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to stimulate the subject. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described, including a system for electrostimulation. The system includes a patch (22), including a plurality of electrodes (24a, 24b), and a mobile device (28). A processor (30) of the mobile device is configured to receive an input from a subject (20) that indicates that the subject is experiencing a headache, and, in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to stimulate the subject. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for increasing sensitivity of sensory nerves of a portion of a subject's body. A plurality of electrodes (22) are placed at respective locations upon a surface of the body portion. A computer processor (24) applies sets of electrical stimulation pulses to the respective locations upon the surface, via the electrodes. The computer processor receives respective inputs from the subject, via a user interface (26), each of the inputs corresponding to a respective one of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses, and being indicative of a location at which the subject sensed the set of electrical stimulation pulse as having been applied. In response to the inputs from the subject, the computer processor modulates parameters of the sets of electrical stimulation pulses that are applied to respective locations upon the surface of the body portion. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described including a system for electrostimulation. The system includes a patch (22), including a plurality of electrodes (24a, 24b), and a mobile device (28). A processor (30) of the mobile device is configured to receive an input from a subject (20) that indicates that the subject is experiencing a headache, and, in response to the input, while the patch is coupled to the subject, wirelessly communicate a control signal that causes the electrodes to stimulate the subject. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A receiver is provided, which is adapted to receive MPE-FEC frames and to correct erroneous sections within a received MPE-FEC frame by detecting unreliable sections and storing in an erasure list (“ESL”) table compressed data that includes the base address of each detected erroneous section, together with the respective section's size. The size of the ESL table may be fixed, or it may correlate, or dynamically change according to the actual number of detected erroneous sections. The data stored in the erasure list may then be forwarded to a decoder to correct erroneous sections. The erroneous sections may be detected by using CRC, and the decoder may be a Reed-Solomon decoder.

Abstract: A receiver is provided, which is adapted to receive MPE-FEC frames and to correct erroneous sections within a received MPE-FEC frame by detecting unreliable sections and storing in an erasure list (“ESL”) table compressed data that includes the base address of each detected erroneous section, together with the respective section's size. The size of the ESL table may be fixed, or it may correlate, or dynamically change according to the actual number of detected erroneous sections. The data stored in the erasure list may then be forwarded to a decoder to correct erroneous sections. The erroneous sections may be detected by using CRC, and the decoder may be a Reed-Solomon decoder.