Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides for a biodegradable absorbent material for oil or other hydrocarbon liquid spills. The material consists of a mixture of granulated foam, microbial nutrient, de-dust agent and ground cellulosic material. This mixture is superior to other absorbent mixtures because it biodegrades faster than other mineral or organic adsorbents and is less expensive than synthetic adsorbents on the market today. The material is useful in field operations, plants and shop or even home use. Another embodiment of the present invention, provides for a system for absorbing hydrocarbon based liquids spilled on a surface using the absorbent material described.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for contacting a hot reaction mass with water to initiate an explosive reaction. The reaction mass comprises a ceramic or intermetallic material that is produced by exothermically reacting a mixture of reactive elements. Suitable reaction masses include borides and/or carbides that are formed by reacting a mixture comprising B and/or C in combination with an element selected from Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W. Additional metals such as Al, Li, Mg, Zn, Cu, Be, Na, K, Ca, Rb, Y, U and Cs may also be present in the reactive mixture. In operation, the hot reaction mass is contacted with water to initiate an explosive water reaction and to produce large volumes of hydrogen containing gas.