Abstract: The present invention provides a manganese bismuth mixed metal oxide cathode material through a solid-state reaction between manganese dioxide, and either bismuth or a bismuth compound in a compound having the general formula MnOy(Bi2O3)x, which affords charge transfer catalytic behavior that allows the cathode to be fully reversible at suppressed charge potentials and increased discharge potentials. The MnOy(Bi2O3)x cathode material may be incorporated into an electrochemical cell with either a lithium metal or lithium ion anode and an organic electrolyte. The present invention provides a compound with the general formula MnOy(Bi2O3)x, where subscript x is between 0.05 and 0.25, subscript y is about 2 and the overcharge protection is not needed as the subscript z approaches 0.0. In the preferred embodiment, a cathode material where subscript x is between 0.05 and 0.135 with the formula MnO2(Bi2O3)0.12 provides the much-needed full reversibility, high voltage stability and reduced charge transfer impedance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a potassium-doped mixed metal oxide cathode material formed by advantageously alloying MnO2 with potassium and lithium to provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive electrode in rechargeable lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. By alloying MnO2 with potassium and lithium in a LixKyMn2O4 compound, the cathode materials of the present invention afford overcharge protection that allows the cathode to be fully reversible. Manganese dioxide doped with potassium was initially examined as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries in order to provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive electrode in rechargeable lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. The LixKyMn2O4 material is incorporated into an electrochemical cell with either a lithium metal or lithium ion anode and an organic electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a potassium-doped mixed metal oxide cathode material formed by advantageously alloying MnO2 with potassium and lithium to provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive electrode in rechargeable lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. By alloying MnO2 with potassium and lithium in a LixKyMn2O4 compound, the cathode materials of the present invention afford overcharge protection that allows the cathode to be fully reversible. Manganese dioxide doped with potassium was initially examined as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries in order to provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive electrode in rechargeable lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. The LixKyMn2O4 material is incorporated into an electrochemical cell with either a lithium metal or lithium ion anode and an organic electrolyte.

Abstract: A tubular, rigid, porous, ceramic separator for a rechargeable, deep-discharge battery assembly, the separator having a porosity greater than 40%. A plurality of battery cells, each embodying such separators, are assembled with a common terminal to form the positive electrode in a motive traction battery.