Abstract: Examples of methods for part packing are described herein. In some examples, a first subset and a second subset of a set of parts are determined. In some examples a first packing of the first subset is determined. In some examples, a second packing of the second subset is determined based on the first packing.

Abstract: Examples of methods for object manufacturing visualization by an electronic device are described herein. In some examples, a predicted thermal image of additive manufacturing is determined using a machine learning model. In some examples, a captured thermal image is obtained. In some examples, a graphical overlay of the predicted thermal image with the captured thermal image is presented.

Abstract: Examples of methods for object packings are described herein. In some examples, a method includes loading a first object in a first subset of a volume. In some examples, the method includes determining, using a genetic procedure, an arrangement of second objects in a second subset of the volume to produce a packing that includes the first object and the second objects.

Abstract: Examples of methods for object packing genetic procedures are described herein. In some examples, a method includes generating chromosomes in a genetic procedure. In some examples, each chromosome indicates a packing of objects in a volume. In some examples, the method includes determining a stagnant generation quantity that indicates an amount of generations subsequent to a leading generation with a leading chromosome score. In some examples, the method includes terminating the genetic procedure based on the stagnant generation quantity.

Abstract: Examples of methods for object packings are described herein. In some examples, a method includes generating chromosomes in a genetic procedure. In some examples, each chromosome indicates a packing of objects in a volume. In some examples, the method also includes determining uniformity scores corresponding to the chromosomes. In some examples, each uniformity score is based on object orientation similarity. In some examples, the method further includes selecting a chromosome based on the uniformity scores.

Abstract: An example non-transitory computer-readable medium includes instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to retrieve a plurality of parts to be three-dimensionally (3D) printed and an output rate indicative of a rate at which previous 3D printed parts have been output, select a packing parameter that results in a packing time corresponding to the output rate, and compute a part packing of the plurality of parts for a print bed according to the packing parameter.

Abstract: Examples of methods for determining chromosome expiration are described herein. In some examples, a method includes generating, in a genetic procedure, chromosomes indicating object packing positions. In some examples, the method includes determining whether a chromosome of the chromosomes is expired. In some examples, the method includes excluding the chromosome from a subsequent generation in response to determining that the chromosome is expired.

Abstract: Examples of methods for determining object packings are described herein. In some examples, a method includes determining, for each of a plurality of objects, an initial orientation corresponding to a minimum bounding box. In some examples, the method includes determining a packing of the plurality of objects using the initial orientations with a genetic procedure.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which is stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor are to cause the processor to access a reduced resolution three-dimensional (3D) model file of an object to be built in a build bed of a 3D printing system, the reduced resolution 3D model file comprising a reduced resolution file of a first resolution 3D model file of the object. The instructions may also cause the processor to determine a packing arrangement for the object and a plurality of other objects to be built in the build bed through use of the reduced resolution 3D model file and output the determined packing arrangement for the 3D printing system to print the object and the other objects.

Abstract: Examples of methods are described herein. In some examples, a method includes determining a quantity of inner voxels in a canonical direction from each surface voxel of a set of surface voxels of a three-dimensional (3D) object model. In some examples, the method includes generating an encoded representation of the 3D object model, the encoded representation indicating a location of each surface voxel and the quantity of inner voxels for each surface voxel.

Abstract: Examples of methods for generating supports are described herein. In some examples, a method includes determining a starting position from a set of voxels of a three-dimensional (3D) object model to be additively manufactured. In some examples, the method also includes generating a support for the 3D object model by traversing a cost field from the starting position.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an object via three-dimensional printing is disclosed. Data regarding the object is received. The object is three-dimensionally printed from the data. A wrapper is also three-dimensionally printed from the data. The wrapper encloses the object and includes information regarding the object.

Abstract: According to examples, a three-dimensional (3D) fabrication system may include fabrication components and a controller. The controller may control the fabrication components to fabricate parts of a 3D object in a build envelope, the parts to be assembled together to form the object, and in which the parts are fabricated at locations corresponding to relative positions of the parts with respect to each other in the assembled object. The controller may also control the fabrication components to fabricate a cage around the parts in the build envelope.

Abstract: In an example of a method for determining a thermal footprint for a three-dimensional (3D) printed part, a part to be printed by a 3D printer is identified. A thermal footprint for the part is determined based on part geometry and heat transfer associated with printing the part.

Abstract: Examples of methods for part packing are described herein. In some examples, a first subset and a second subset of a set of parts are determined. In some examples a first packing of the first subset is determined. In some examples, a second packing of the second subset is determined based on the first packing.

Abstract: Examples of methods for object manufacturing visualization by an electronic device are described herein. In some examples, a predicted thermal image of additive manufacturing is determined using a machine learning model. In some examples, a captured thermal image is obtained. In some examples, a graphical overlay of the predicted thermal image with the captured thermal image is presented.

Abstract: According to examples, a three-dimensional (3D) fabrication system may include fabrication components and a controller. The controller may control the fabrication components to fabricate parts of a 3D object in a build envelope, the parts to be assembled together to form the object, and in which the parts are fabricated at locations corresponding to relative positions of the parts with respect to each other in the assembled object. The controller may also control the fabrication components to fabricate a cage around the parts in the build envelope.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory on which is stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor are to cause the processor to access a reduced resolution three-dimensional (3D) model file of an object to be built in a build bed of a 3D printing system, the reduced resolution 3D model file comprising a reduced resolution file of a first resolution 3D model file of the object. The instructions may also cause the processor to determine a packing arrangement for the object and a plurality of other objects to be built in the build bed through use of the reduced resolution 3D model file and output the determined packing arrangement for the 3D printing system to print the object and the other objects.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an object via three-dimensional printing is disclosed. Data regarding the object is received. The object is three-dimensionally printed from the data. A wrapper is also three-dimensionally printed from the data. The wrapper encloses the object and includes information regarding the object.