Abstract: A printed tissue construct comprises one or more tissue patterns, where each tissue pattern comprises a plurality of viable cells of one or more predetermined cell types. A network of vascular channels interpenetrates the one or more tissue patterns. An extracellular matrix composition at least partially surrounds the one or more tissue patterns and the network of vascular channels. A method of printing a tissue construct with embedded vasculature comprises depositing one or more cell-laden filaments, each comprising a plurality of viable cells, on a substrate to form one or more tissue patterns. Each of the one or more tissue patterns comprises one or more predetermined cell types. One or more sacrificial filaments, each comprising a fugitive ink, are deposited on the substrate to form a vascular pattern interpenetrating the one or more tissue patterns. The vascular pattern and the one or more tissue patterns are at least partially surrounded with an extracellular matrix composition.

Abstract: A printed tissue construct comprises one or more tissue patterns, where each tissue pattern comprises a plurality of viable cells of one or more predetermined cell types. A network of vascular channels interpenetrates the one or more tissue patterns. An extracellular matrix composition at least partially surrounds the one or more tissue patterns and the network of vascular channels. A method of printing a tissue construct with embedded vasculature comprises depositing one or more cell-laden filaments, each comprising a plurality of viable cells, on a substrate to form one or more tissue patterns. Each of the one or more tissue patterns comprises one or more predetermined cell types. One or more sacrificial filaments, each comprising a fugitive ink, are deposited on the substrate to form a vascular pattern interpenetrating the one or more tissue patterns. The vascular pattern and the one or more tissue patterns are at least partially surrounded with an extracellular matrix composition.

Abstract: A method of 4D printing comprises depositing a layer of filaments in a predetermined arrangement on a flexible substrate. Each filament comprises a hydrogel matrix and a plurality of anisotropic filler particles embedded therein. The filaments contact the flexible substrate at one or more contact regions. The layer of filaments is hydrated, and the filaments swell in size while remaining in contact with the flexible substrate at the contact regions. The flexible substrate is thereby induced to adopt a predetermined curved shape.

Abstract: A method of 4D printing a hydrogel composite structure comprises depositing a first layer of filaments on a substrate in a first predetermined arrangement, where each filament comprises a hydrogel matrix and a plurality of anisotropic filler particles embedded therein. A second layer of the filaments is deposited in a second predetermined arrangement on the first layer. The filaments from the second layer contact the filaments from the first layer at a number of contact regions. The first layer and the second layer are hydrated, and the filaments of the first and second layers swell in size while remaining in contact at the contact regions. Thus, a curved three-dimensional hydrogel composite structure is formed.

Abstract: A printed tissue construct comprises one or more tissue patterns, where each tissue pattern comprises a plurality of viable cells of one or more predetermined cell types. A network of vascular channels interpenetrates the one or more tissue patterns. An extracellular matrix composition at least partially surrounds the one or more tissue patterns and the network of vascular channels. A method of printing a tissue construct with embedded vasculature comprises depositing one or more cell-laden filaments, each comprising a plurality of viable cells, on a substrate to form one or more tissue patterns. Each of the one or more tissue patterns comprises one or more predetermined cell types. One or more sacrificial filaments, each comprising a fugitive ink, are deposited on the substrate to form a vascular pattern interpenetrating the one or more tissue patterns. The vascular pattern and the one or more tissue patterns are at least partially surrounded with an extracellular matrix composition.