Patents by Inventor Amit Lal
Amit Lal has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 6923790Abstract: An ultrasonically driven pump, which may be used for sampling body fluids or atomizing liquids, has a stationary outer needle and an inner needle mounted within the bore of the outer needle. The distal end of the inner needle is positioned adjacent to the distal end of the outer needle. The inner needle is ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic actuator without vibrating the outer needle, with resulting draw of liquid through the distal end of the outer needle into the bore of the inner needle for discharge through the proximal end of the inner needle. The outer needle can be formed to have a penetrating tip suited for penetrating the skin of a subject to allow sampling of body fluids including interstitial fluids. The pump can also be used for atomizing liquid, by drawing liquid from a supply that is pumped from the distal end to an open proximal end of the inner needle where the liquid is discharged by atomization into the atmosphere.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 2003Date of Patent: August 2, 2005Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Chung-Hoon Lee
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Publication number: 20050156056Abstract: Devices and methods for depositing fluids on substrates in patterns of spots, lines, or other features use a nozzle, which is preferably configured similarly to a micropipette, having a piezoelectric crystal or other ultrasonic actuator coupled to one of its sides. The nozzle may be charged via capillary action by dipping it into a well containing the fluid to be deposited, and may then be positioned over a desired area of a substrate, at which point activation of the ultrasonic actuator at ultrasonic frequencies will eject the fluid onto the substrate. The needle may subsequently be dipped into a well of rinsing fluid for cleaning. Spots or lines on the order of 5 micrometers width may be generated, making the invention particularly suitable for use in biological applications such as microarray production and in microelectronics applications such as the printing of organic circuitry.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 22, 2005Publication date: July 21, 2005Inventors: Bradley Larson, Chung Lee, Amit Lal, Max Lagally
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Patent number: 6874699Abstract: Devices and methods for depositing fluids on substrates in patterns of spots, lines, or other features use a nozzle, which is preferably configured similarly to a micropipette, having a piezoelectric crystal or other ultrasonic actuator coupled to one of its sides. The nozzle may be charged via capillary action by dipping it into a well containing the fluid to be deposited, and may then be positioned over a desired area of a substrate, at which point activation of the ultrasonic actuator at ultrasonic frequencies will eject the fluid onto the substrate. The needle may subsequently be dipped into a well of rinsing fluid for cleaning. Spots or lines on the order of 5 micrometers width may be generated, making the invention particularly suitable for use in biological applications such as microarray production and in microelectronics applications such as the printing of organic circuitry.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 2002Date of Patent: April 5, 2005Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Bradley James Larson, Chung Hoon Lee, Amit Lal, Max G. Lagally
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Patent number: 6869420Abstract: An ultrasonically driven pump, which may be used for sampling body fluids or atomizing liquids, has a stationary outer needle and an inner needle mounted within the bore of the outer needle. The distal end of the inner needle is positioned adjacent to the distal end of the outer needle. The inner needle is ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic actuator without vibrating the outer needle, with resulting draw of liquid through the distal end of the outer needle into the bore of the inner needle for discharge through the proximal end of the inner needle. The outer needle can be formed to have a penetrating tip suited for penetrating the skin of a subject to allow sampling of body fluids including interstitial fluids. The pump can also be used for atomizing liquid, by drawing liquid from a supply that is pumped from the distal end to an open proximal end of the inner needle where the liquid is discharged by atomization into the atmosphere.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2004Date of Patent: March 22, 2005Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Chung-Hoon Lee
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Patent number: 6858888Abstract: A suspended semiconductor film is anchored to a substrate at at least two opposed anchor positions, and film segments are deposited on the semiconductor film adjacent to one or more of the anchor positions to apply either tensile or compressive stress to the semiconductor film between the film segments. A crystalline silicon film may be anchored to the substrate and have tensile stress applied thereto to reduce the lattice mismatch between the silicon and a silicon-germanium layer deposited onto the silicon film. By controlling the level of stress in the silicon film, the size, density and distribution of quantum dots formed in a high germanium content silicon-germanium film deposited on the silicon film can be controlled.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 2002Date of Patent: February 22, 2005Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Max G. Lagally, Chung Hoon Lee, Paul Powell Rugheimer
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Publication number: 20040232504Abstract: A suspended semiconductor film is anchored to a substrate at at least two opposed anchor positions, and film segments are deposited on the semiconductor film adjacent to one or more of the anchor positions to apply either tensile or compressive stress to the semiconductor film between the film segments. A crystalline silicon film may be anchored to the substrate and have tensile stress applied thereto to reduce the lattice mismatch between the silicon and a silicon-germanium layer deposited onto the silicon film. By controlling the level of stress in the silicon film, the size, density and distribution of quantum dots formed in a high germanium content silicon-germanium film deposited on the silicon film can be controlled.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 24, 2004Publication date: November 25, 2004Applicant: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Max G. Lagally, Chung Hoon Lee, Paul Powell Rugheimer
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Publication number: 20040204680Abstract: An ultrasonically driven pump, which may be used for sampling body fluids or atomizing liquids, has a stationary outer needle and an inner needle mounted within the bore of the outer needle. The distal end of the inner needle is positioned adjacent to the distal end of the outer needle. The inner needle is ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic actuator without vibrating the outer needle, with resulting draw of liquid through the distal end of the outer needle into the bore of the inner needle for discharge through the proximal end of the inner needle. The outer needle can be formed to have a penetrating tip suited for penetrating the skin of a subject to allow sampling of body fluids including interstitial fluids. The pump can also be used for atomizing liquid, by drawing liquid from a supply that is pumped from the distal end to an open proximal end of the inner needle where the liquid is discharged by atomization into the atmosphere.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 29, 2004Publication date: October 14, 2004Applicant: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Chung-Hoon Lee
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Patent number: 6740058Abstract: A surgical tool with a rigid body including a needle portion for entering tissue includes a fluid flow channel formed therethrough. A sensor is integrally formed on the tool to detect changing conditions (pressure and/or flow) in the channel. The sensor signal may be used to provide feedback control of pumping of fluid through the channel. The tool may be a micromachined silicon tool with the sensor integrally formed thereon from a silicon nitrate membrane and polysilicon resistors. The tool may be an ultrasonically activated cutting tool, which may be bonded to a package at a node thereof.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 2001Date of Patent: May 25, 2004Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Xi Chen
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Publication number: 20040071601Abstract: Devices and methods for depositing fluids on substrates in patterns of spots, lines, or other features use a nozzle, which is preferably configured similarly to a micropipette, having a piezoelectric crystal or other ultrasonic actuator coupled to one of its sides. The nozzle may be charged via capillary action by dipping it into a well containing the fluid to be deposited, and may then be positioned over a desired area of a substrate, at which point activation of the ultrasonic actuator at ultrasonic frequencies will eject the fluid onto the substrate. The needle may subsequently be dipped into a well of rinsing fluid for cleaning. Spots or lines on the order of 5 micrometers width may be generated, making the invention particularly suitable for use in biological applications such as microarray production and in microelectronics applications such as the printing of organic circuitry.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 15, 2002Publication date: April 15, 2004Inventors: Bradley James Larson, Chung Hoon Lee, Amit Lal, Max G. Lagally
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Publication number: 20040065599Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating a mixture of particles of various sizes in a capillary tube into groups by size using multiple forces of controlled amplitude. Ultrasonic radiation at a first selected frequency is applied to set up a standing pressure wave in the capillary tube, resulting in a first aggregating force which causes particles of all sizes to aggregate at positions within the capillary tube which correspond to nodes or anti-nodes of the standing wave. Transverse vibrations are also applied to the capillary tube. The frequency of the ultrasonic radiation is adjusted to reduce the magnitude of the first aggregating force. Inertial forces resulting from the transverse vibrations then cause the particles to separate by size. The apparatus and method allows a mixture of particles to be separated by size quickly, without requiring the use of high voltages.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 2, 2002Publication date: April 8, 2004Inventors: Amit Lal, Chung Hoon Lee
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Publication number: 20040054364Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical instrument is provided which includes a handle assembly, a body extending distally from the handle assembly and an end effector configured to effect cutting, dissection, coagulation and/or ligation of tissue. The end effector includes an ultrasonic member. A transducer is supported adjacent, on or within the ultrasonic member and is connected to a power source. Upon actuation of the power source, the transducer effects vibration of the ultrasonic member. In one preferred embodiment, the end effector is mounted for articulation about the distal end of the instrument.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 7, 2003Publication date: March 18, 2004Inventors: Ernest Aranyi, Douglas J. Cuny, Russell Heinrich, Amit Lal, Bill Lewis, Philip C. Roy
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Patent number: 6669454Abstract: Control of fluid motion within microcavities is carried out using microstructures in the cavities having cantilever elements that are coupled to a substrate to receive vibrations therefrom. The cantilever elements can be excited into resonance at one or more resonant frequencies. By selection of the shape of the cantilever elements, their position in the microcavity, the spacing of the cantilever elements from the walls of the cavity, and the frequency at which the cantilever elements are excited, the direction of pumping of fluid through the cavity can be controlled, blocked or diverted.Type: GrantFiled: June 5, 2001Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Ville Kaajakari, Abhijit Sathaye
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Patent number: 6638249Abstract: An ultrasonically driven pump, which may be used for sampling body fluids or atomizing liquids, has a stationary outer needle and an inner needle mounted within the bore of the outer needle. The distal end of the inner needle is positioned adjacent to the distal end of the outer needle. The inner needle is ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic actuator without vibrating the outer needle, with resulting draw of liquid through the distal end of the outer needle into the bore of the inner needle for discharge through the proximal end of the inner needle. The outer needle can be formed to have a penetrating tip suited for penetrating the skin of a subject to allow sampling of body fluids including interstitial fluids. The pump can also be used for atomizing liquid, by drawing liquid from a supply that is pumped from the distal end to an open proximal end of the inner needle where the liquid is discharged by atomization into the atmosphere.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2000Date of Patent: October 28, 2003Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Chung-Hoon Lee
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Publication number: 20030195468Abstract: An ultrasonically driven pump, which may be used for sampling body fluids or atomizing liquids, has a stationary outer needle and an inner needle mounted within the bore of the outer needle. The distal end of the inner needle is positioned adjacent to the distal end of the outer needle. The inner needle is ultrasonically vibrated by an ultrasonic actuator without vibrating the outer needle, with resulting draw of liquid through the distal end of the outer needle into the bore of the inner needle for discharge through the proximal end of the inner needle. The outer needle can be formed to have a penetrating tip suited for penetrating the skin of a subject to allow sampling of body fluids including interstitial fluids. The pump can also be used for atomizing liquid, by drawing liquid from a supply that is pumped from the distal end to an open proximal end of the inner needle where the liquid is discharged by atomization into the atmosphere.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 20, 2003Publication date: October 16, 2003Applicant: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Chung-Hoon Lee
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Patent number: 6631648Abstract: Sensing of microfluidic flow is carried out by confining and directing a fluid along a surface in a primary direction of flow past a cantilever beam which is mounted at one end of the beam to the surface. The cantilever beam has opposite beam surfaces that are oriented at an angle off parallel to the primary direction of flow of the fluid. As the fluid is directed past the beam at a rate such that the drag forces imposed by the fluid on the opposite surfaces of the beam are greater than the inertial forces of the fluid on the beam, a differential force is applied to the beam that tends to pivot the beam about its mount to the surface or bend the beam or both. The deflection of the beam in response to the differential drag forces may be detected to determine the rate of flow of the fluid.Type: GrantFiled: August 28, 2001Date of Patent: October 14, 2003Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Amit Lal, Harun Solak, Shankar Radhakrishnan
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Publication number: 20030168659Abstract: A suspended semiconductor film is anchored to a substrate at at least two opposed anchor positions, and film segments are deposited on the semiconductor film adjacent to one or more of the anchor positions to apply either tensile or compressive stress to the semiconductor film between the film segments. A crystalline silicon film may be anchored to the substrate and have tensile stress applied thereto to reduce the lattice mismatch between the silicon and a silicon-germanium layer deposited onto the silicon film. By controlling the level of stress in the silicon film, the size, density and distribution of quantum dots formed in a high germanium content silicon-germanium film deposited on the silicon film can be controlled.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 22, 2002Publication date: September 11, 2003Inventors: Amit Lal, Max G. Lagally, Chung Hoon Lee, Paul Powell Rugheimer
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Publication number: 20030074983Abstract: Sensing of microfluidic flow is carried out by confining and directing a fluid along a surface in a primary direction of flow past a cantilever beam which is mounted at one end of the beam to the surface. The cantilever beam has opposite beam surfaces that are oriented at an angle off parallel to the primary direction of flow of the fluid. As the fluid is directed past the beam at a rate such that the drag forces imposed by the fluid on the opposite surfaces of the beam are greater than the inertial forces of the fluid on the beam, a differential force is applied to the beam that tends to pivot the beam about its mount to the surface or bend the beam or both. The deflection of the beam in response to the differential drag forces may be detected to determine the rate of flow of the fluid.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 28, 2001Publication date: April 24, 2003Inventors: Amit Lal, Harun Solak, Shankar Radhakrishnan
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Publication number: 20030006668Abstract: An activator has a base on which is mounted an elastically deformable micromechanical element that has a section that is free to be displaced toward the base. An absorber of radioactively emitted particles is formed on the base or the displaceable section of the deformable element and a source is formed on the other of the displaceable section or the base facing the absorber across a small gap. The radioactive source emits charged particles such as electrons, resulting in a buildup of charge on the absorber, drawing the absorber and source together and storing mechanical energy as the deformable element is bent. When the force between the absorber and the source is sufficient to bring the absorber into effective electrical contact with the source, discharge of the charge between the source and absorber allows the deformable element to spring back, releasing the mechanical energy stored in the element.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 9, 2001Publication date: January 9, 2003Inventors: Amit Lal, Hui Li, James P. Blanchard, Douglass L. Henderson
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Publication number: 20020193817Abstract: A surgical tool with a rigid body including a needle portion for entering tissue includes a fluid flow channel formed therethrough. A sensor is integrally formed on the tool to detect changing conditions (pressure and/or flow) in the channel. The sensor signal may be used to provide feedback control of pumping of fluid through the channel. The tool may be a micromachined silicon tool with the sensor integrally formed thereon from a silicon nitrate membrane and polysilicon resistors. The tool may be an ultrasonically activated cutting tool, which may be bonded to a package at a node thereof.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 8, 2001Publication date: December 19, 2002Inventors: Amit Lal, Xi Chen
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Publication number: 20020179162Abstract: Control of fluid motion within microcavities is carried out using microstructures in the cavities having cantilever elements that are coupled to a substrate to receive vibrations therefrom. The cantilever elements can be excited into resonance at one or more resonant frequencies. By selection of the shape of the cantilever elements, their position in the microcavity, the spacing of the cantilever elements from the walls of the cavity, and the frequency at which the cantilever elements are excited, the direction of pumping of fluid through the cavity can be controlled, blocked or diverted.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 5, 2001Publication date: December 5, 2002Inventors: Amit Lal, Ville Kaajakari, Abhijit Sathaye