Abstract: Sulfated bentonite compositions are characterized by a total pore volume from 0.4 to 1 mL/g, a total BET surface area from 200 to 400 m2/g, and an average pore diameter from 55 to 100 Angstroms. The sulfated bentonite compositions also can be characterized by a d50 average particle size in a range from 15 to 50 ?m and a ratio of d90/d10 from 3 to 15. The sulfated bentonite compositions can contain a sulfated bentonite and from 10 to 90 wt. % of colloidal particles, or the sulfated bentonite compositions can contain a sulfated bentonite and from 0.2 to 10 mmol/g of zinc and/or phosphorus. These compositions can be utilized in metallocene catalyst systems to produce ethylene based polymers.

Abstract: Fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports have a bulk density from 0.15 to 0.37 g/mL, a total pore volume from 0.85 to 2 mL/g, a BET surface area from 200 to 500 m2/g, an average pore diameter from 10 to 25 nm, and from 80 to 99% of pore volume in pores with diameters of greater than 6 nm. Methods of making the fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports and using the fluorided silica-coated aluminas in catalyst compositions and olefin polymerization processes also are described. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the compositions and processes have a melt index of 0.1 to 10 g/10 min and a density of 0.91 to 0.96 g/cm3, and contain from 70 to 270 ppm solid oxide and from 2 to 18 ppm fluorine.

Abstract: Methods for making titanated silica supports, titanated chromium/silica pre-catalysts, and activated titanated chromium/silica catalysts are disclosed in which hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal precursor are used during catalyst preparation. Resulting titanated chromium/silica pre-catalysts often contain silica, 0.1 to 5 wt. % chromium, 0.1 to 10 wt. % titanium, and less than or equal to 4 wt. % carbon, and further contain a bound alkali metal or zinc at a molar ratio of alkali metal:titanium or zinc:titanium from 0.02:1 to 3:1 and/or at an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 mmol of alkali metal or zinc per gram of the silica. High melt index potential activated titanated chromium/silica catalysts can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymers and copolymers having HLMI values of greater than 30 g/10 min.

Abstract: Fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports have a bulk density from 0.15 to g/mL, a total pore volume from 0.85 to 2 mL/g, a BET surface area from 200 to 500 m2/g, an average pore diameter from 10 to 25 nm, and from 80 to 99% of pore volume in pores with diameters of greater than 6 nm. Methods of making the fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports and using the fluorided silica-coated aluminas in catalyst compositions and olefin polymerization processes also are described. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the compositions and processes have a melt index of 0.1 to 10 g/10 min and a density of 0.91 to 0.96 g/cm3, and contain from 70 to 270 ppm solid oxide and from 2 to 18 ppm fluorine.

Abstract: Fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports have a bulk density from 0.15 to g/mL, a total pore volume from 0.85 to 2 mL/g, a BET surface area from 200 to 500 m2/g, an average pore diameter from 10 to 25 nm, and from 80 to 99% of pore volume in pores with diameters of greater than 6 nm. Methods of making the fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports and using the fluorided silica-coated aluminas in catalyst compositions and olefin polymerization processes also are described. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the compositions and processes have a melt index of 0.1 to 10 g/10 min and a density of 0.91 to 0.96 g/cm3, and contain from 70 to 270 ppm solid oxide and from 2 to 18 ppm fluorine.

Abstract: Methods for making titanated silica supports, titanated chromium/silica pre-catalysts, and activated titanated chromium/silica catalysts are disclosed in which hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal precursor are used during catalyst preparation. Resulting titanated chromium/silica pre-catalysts often contain silica, 0.1 to 5 wt. % chromium, 0.1 to 10 wt. % titanium, and less than or equal to 4 wt. % carbon, and further contain an alkali metal or zinc at a molar ratio of alkali metal:titanium or zinc:titanium from 0.02:1 to 3:1 and/or at an amount in a range from 0.01 to 2 mmol of alkali metal or zinc per gram of the silica. High melt index potential activated titanated chromium/silica catalysts can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymers and copolymers having HLMI values of greater than 30 g/10 min.

Abstract: Sulfated bentonite compositions are characterized by a total pore volume from 0.4 to 1 mL/g, a total BET surface area from 200 to 400 m2/g, and an average pore diameter from 55 to 100 Angstroms. The sulfated bentonite compositions also can be characterized by a d50 average particle size in a range from 15 to 50 µm and a ratio of d90/d10 from 3 to 15. The sulfated bentonite compositions can contain a sulfated bentonite and from 10 to 90 wt. % of colloidal particles, or the sulfated bentonite compositions can contain a sulfated bentonite and from 0.2 to 10 mmol/g of zinc and/or phosphorus. These compositions can be utilized in metallocene catalyst systems to produce ethylene based polymers.

Abstract: Catalysts and catalytic processes for the synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, which are carried out in a diluent or in the absence of a diluent. In an aspect, ethylene and CO2 can be contacted with a Group 8-11 transition metal precursor compound or a Group 8-11 transition metal metalalactone compound in the presence of a metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxide (MT-CMSO) or a metal-treated solid oxide (MT-SO), to form a metal acrylate. As the catalytic activity wanes in either the presence or absence of a diluent, pressure cycling—that is, pressurizing the reaction system with CO2 and an olefin such as ethylene for a time period, releasing the pressure, then re-pressurizing with CO2 and ethylene—can rejuvenate the catalyst and restore its declining catalytic activity.

Abstract: Methods for gas-phase deoxygenation of a bio-oil are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises exposing a bio-oil vapor comprising hydrocarbon compounds having oxygenated aromatic groups, to hydrogen gas in the presence of catalyst under conditions to induce deoxygenation of the oxygenated aromatic groups to provide a deoxygenated aromatic species, wherein the catalyst is a transition metal-incorporated mesoporous silicate having platinum deposited thereon and the transition metal is selected from Nb, W, Zr, and combinations thereof. The transition metal-incorporated mesoporous silicate catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: Bimetal-incorporated mesoporous silicate catalysts are provided. In embodiments, such a catalyst comprises a silicate lattice, a first transition metal M, and a second transition metal M?, wherein M and M? are selected from Zr, Nb, and W and are directly incorporated into the silicate lattice such that M and M? replace Si atoms. Methods of using the catalysts are also provided, including in methods for dehydrating alcohols. Methods of making the catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a process for depolymerizing lignin, the process comprising exposing a liquid feed comprising lignin and a solvent to a metal-incorporated solid mesoporous silicate catalyst under conditions sufficient to depolymerize the lignin to produce one or more aromatic monomers.

Abstract: Provided is a process for depolymerizing lignin, the process comprising exposing a liquid feed comprising lignin and a solvent to a metal-incorporated solid mesoporous silicate catalyst under conditions sufficient to depolymerize the lignin to produce one or more aromatic monomers.

Abstract: A process for epoxidizing an olefin comprising contacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of an insoluble oxidation catalyst in a solvent system comprising an organic water-miscible solvent to form an alkylene oxide. The insoluble oxidation catalyst comprises a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cerium, and niobium. The metal is directly incorporated within a solid mesoporous silicate support, such as one selected from the group consisting of KIT-5, KIT-6, and TUD-1.

Abstract: A process for epoxidizing an olefin comprising contacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of an insoluble oxidation catalyst in a solvent system comprising an organic water-miscible solvent to form an alkylene oxide. The insoluble oxidation catalyst comprises a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten, cerium, and niobium. The metal is directly incorporated within a solid mesoporous silicate support, such as one selected from the group consisting of KIT-5, KIT-6, and TUD-1.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer readable medium for asynchronously processing write operation on a volume having copy-on-write snapshots. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: updating a normal mirror with write data associated with a write operation for the volume; asynchronously copying the write data from an asynchronous mirror to at least one copy-on-write snapshot; and, once the at least one copy-on-write snapshot is updated, updating the asynchronous mirror with the write data from the normal mirror.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first application detects a user's activity. Based on the user's activity detected by the first application, a type of user status is determined from among a plurality of different types of possible user status. One or more features are determined of a feature set of a second application that correspond to the type of user status detected by the first application. The corresponding one or more features of the feature set of the second application are limited to prevent the one or more features from interrupting the user's activity. One or more other features of the feature set of the second application that do not correspond to the type of user status detected by the first application are permitted.

Abstract: In one embodiment, one or more applications may be executed on a computer, where each application has an associated feature set. A user status of a particular application may be determined, and in response to that user status for the particular application, the feature set of at least one other application may be dynamically adjusted.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first application detects a user's activity. Based on the user's activity detected by the first application, a type of user status is determined from among a plurality of different types of possible user status. One or more features are determined of a feature set of a second application that correspond to the type of user status detected by the first application. The corresponding one or more features of the feature set of the second application are limited to prevent the one or more features from interrupting the user's activity. One or more other features of the feature set of the second application that do not correspond to the type of user status detected by the first application are permitted.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer readable medium for asynchronously processing write operation on a volume having copy-on-write snapshots. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: updating a normal mirror with write data associated with a write operation for the volume; asynchronously copying the write data from an asynchronous mirror to at least one copy-on-write snapshot; and, once the at least one copy-on-write snapshot is updated, updating the asynchronous mirror with the write data from the normal mirror.

Abstract: Partner management systems and methods are disclosed. A designer designs a business process that provides selection criteria for selecting business partners. The business process is compiled and executed by a business process execution engine. During the execution of the business process, the business process execution engine uses the selection criteria to select business partners. The identification of business partners and attributes of the business partners may be modified without modifying the business process.