Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide devices and methods capable of optimizing in vivo electrochemical measurement of a molecule of interest, for example glucose. Such aspects may include an engineered binding protein, for example an engineered glucose binding protein. The engineered binding protein may change conformation in response to binding or unbinding to a ligand and/or analyte, for example glucose. Such conformational changes may either expose or occlude a redox molecule attached to the binding protein. When exposed, the redox molecule may generate a redox signal dependent upon the binding protein's conformational state. The redox signal may be measurable, for example by cyclic voltammetry. The protein may be incorporated into a sensor that can be used as an implantable continuous glucose monitoring device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods capable of optimizing in vivo electrochemical measurement of a molecule of interest, for example glucose. Disclosed aspects may include an interference zapping layer, to which an electric potential may be applied to prevent or minimize various interfering molecules from reaching a working electrode. Aspects of the present disclosure may additionally or alternatively include a sensor including multiple working electrodes. The sensors having multiple working electrodes may measure background current during sensing in order to determine background current specific to each electrode, current due to electrochemical interferents, and current due to the molecule of interest. Sensors may also be capable of executing a measurement mode whereby a plurality of currents are measured over a range of interference zapping layer potentials and a range of working electrode potentials.

Abstract: A physiological sensor system that may include an analyte sensor configured to measure at least one analyte at varying depths at a tissue site of a user. The analyte sensor may include a plurality of electrodes patterned on a semi-rigid substrate meant to penetrate the skin of a user. The substrate may be varying lengths to increase the number of electrodes at the penetration site of the user and decrease the likelihood of a bad reading due to poor placement of the electrodes. The electrodes may be patterned on both sides of the substrate to increase number of measurement sites. The analyte sensor can be positioned in an electrochemical cell disposed in the body of the user.

Abstract: A disease management system including an microelectrochemical cell configured to be implanted into a patient. The microelectrochemical cell may include a tube which may include at least one sidewall, a closed end configured to be implanted in the patient, and open end configured to receive a feedthrough for at least one electrode lead. The microelectrochemical cell may further include a fluid medium in fluid communication with bodily fluid, an analyte sensor configured to measure at least one analyte within the bodily fluid, and at least one electrical connection to the analyte sensor at the feedthrough.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a temperature independent glucose sensor and methods of making the same. Such glucose monitoring device may comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode, an glucose oxidase containing enzymatic layer, a first permeability-selective layer, an oxygen-replenishing layer, and an outer protective layer. Additional embodiments relate to a glucose sensor having an enzymatic layer containing glucose oxidase and a polymeric mediator. The sensors may be used as an implantable continuous glucose monitoring device without the need of a temperature sensor.

Abstract: A biosensor (1) is disclosed that may include at least one electrode surface (3); a reagent layer (5) disposed on top of the at least one electrode surface (3) and a reagent layer (5) formed thereon. The reagent layer (5) is formed according to the principles of the present invention, and may include a redox enzyme, a redox polymer, and a cross-linked gel. The reagent layer (5) is structured to act as a conductive matrix that traps the redox polymer and enzyme at the electrode surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides new materials that combine the advantages of well-defined polymeric starting materials and the convenience of surface modification by physical methods into one package and, thus, offers a general and powerful platform suitable for use in numerous applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides new materials that combine the advantages of well-defined polymeric starting materials and the convenience of surface modification by physical methods into one package and, thus, offers a general and powerful platform suitable for use in numerous applications.

Abstract: Band electrode arrays, methods of manufacturing, and a method of using are disclosed. The arrays have individually addressable band electrodes such that diffusion layers of the band electrodes overlap. An exemplary method of manufacturing may comprise: a first insulating layer is disposed on a substrate; a first band electrode is disposed on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and completely covers the first band electrode; a second band electrode is disposed on the second insulating layer; a third insulating layer is disposed on the second insulating layer and completely covers the second band electrode; the first and second band electrodes are electrically insulated from each other and individually addressable; cross-sectional surfaces of the first and second band electrodes are exposed on the test surface; and these exposed cross-sectional surfaces substantially overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides new materials that combine the advantages of well-defined polymeric starting materials and the convenience of surface modification by physical methods into one package and, thus, offers a general and powerful platform suitable for use in numerous applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon surfaces modified with one or more azide groups. The invention also relates to methods of modifying carbon surfaces with one or more azide groups.

Abstract: Band electrode arrays, methods of manufacturing, and a method of using are disclosed. The arrays have individually addressable band electrodes such that diffusion layers of the band electrodes overlap. An exemplary method of manufacturing may comprise: a first insulating layer is disposed on a substrate; a first band electrode is disposed on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and completely covers the first band electrode; a second band electrode is disposed on the second insulating layer; a third insulating layer is disposed on the second insulating layer and completely covers the second band electrode; the first and second band electrodes are electrically insulated from each other and individually addressable; cross-sectional surfaces of the first and second band electrodes are exposed on the test surface; and these exposed cross-sectional surfaces substantially overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon surfaces modified with one or more azide groups. The invention also relates to methods of modifying carbon surfaces with one or more azide groups.