Abstract: A method for treatment of products in gas-discharge plasma consists in that a two-step vacuum-arc discharge is initiated between an anode (3) and an integrally cold cathode (2), featuring a metal-gaseous step of plasma and a gaseous step of plasma. The gaseous step of plasma is established by ionizing the working gas with electrons separated from the metal-gaseous step of plasma. Then a product (5) under treatment is preheated to working temperature and held in a preset temperature range. To this end, provision is made in the device for a means (13) for electron separation from the metal-gaseous step of plasma, which means is situated in the zone of the integrally cold cathode (2) and is impermeable to the metal ions generated by the cathode (2). In a particular case the means (13) is made as a set of V-shaped plates (14).

Abstract: An electric arc metal evaporator has a cathode (2) extending along its longitudinal axis which is made of an evaporating material and has an evaporation surface extending along its longitudinal axis, and power supply leads (7,8) connected to opposite ends (5,6) of cathode (2) and connected to control switches (10) and (11) which are connected through individual activating members (12,13) to a control unit (14) and a direct current power supply (15) which is also is connected to an anode, and a unit for determining the current position of the cathode spot (16) on the evaporation surface (3) of cathode (2) which is connected to a control unit (14.) The cathode (2) itself can be used as a current position detector (17) and its power supply leads (7,8) serve as the detector (17) power supply leads.

Abstract: A multilayer coating of metal-cutting tools is composed of alternating layers of two components. One of these is a nitride or carbide of a metal of group IV. The other is a nitride, carbide, boride or silicide of a metal of group VI. The layer thickness of the group IV metal compound is from 0.05 to 0.5 .mu.m, and the layer thickness of the group VI metal compound constitutes 15 to 40 percent of the layer thickness of the group IV metal compound. The multilayer coating is preferably intended for application to metal-cutting tools used for machining high-alloyed materials.

Abstract: Vapor deposition coating can be performed in apparatus in which a plasma of the coating material is generated from the surface of an electrode. The surface area of the electrode from which the plasma is generated can be selectively adjusted by exposing the plasma generating surface of the electrode to the influence of a magnetic field and adjusting the strength of the magnetic field to spread plasma over the evaporative surface of the electrode to permit more efficient utilization of the electrode. Preferably, the electrode is in the form of a flat metal disc (e.g. titanium) and the magnetic field is generated by a wire coil that substantially encircles or is coaxial to the electrode, with the electrode or an associated element functioning as a core for the coil.

Abstract: A cutting tool hardening method, according to which a tool to be hardened is heated in air to a temperature of 130.degree. to 560.degree. C. in order to produce an oxide film 200 to 10,000 .ANG. thick on its surface which is then coated with a wear-resistant material by vacuum deposition.

Abstract: The dental prosthesis comprises a base from a durable corrosion-resistant metallic alloy and at least one external decorative layer. The external decorative layer is made of a harder material than the base and comprises nitrides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, cyanonitrides and/or oxides of metals of the subordinate subgroup of Group IV of the periodic system. The thickness ratio of the external decorative layer to the base is equal to 1:10-200 respectively.In the case where the dental prosthesis base comprises a structure of soldered members from a durable corrosion-resistant metallic alloy, the method for making the dental prosthesis comprises manufacture of the base by soldering members of the dental prosthesis from the abovementioned alloy into an integrated structure. Then the zone of the soldered juncture or the entire structure is coated, by electroplating or vacuum technique, with an additional layer from cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium or zirconium, or from nitrides of chromium or molybdenum.

Abstract: A coating for a metal-cutting tool consisting of 90 to 70 wt. % of titanium nitride and 10 to 30 wt. % of chromium nitride or 3 to 18 wt. % of aluminium nitride, 2 to 8 wt. % of molybdenum nitride, 2 to 10 wt. % of chromium nitride, 0.5 to 10 wt. % of silicon nitride, taken in combination and uniformly distributed within the volume of the coating, titanium nitride being the balance.The coating is intended predominantly for application to metal-cutting tools when working stainless steels and refractory alloys.