Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for indicating validity as a function of confidence level. A requesting network entity may receive a prediction request from a requesting network entity that comprises timing information indicating when a prediction needs to be obtained. The receiving entity may then transmit a response to the requesting network entity associated with the requested prediction.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network element or function configured to act as a management controller in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to conduct a creation and activation of at least one data source function instance for configuring a data source being not standardized for usage in the communication network to provide data to a data consumer formed by a communication network element or function in a data format allowing the data consumer to process the data, wherein the creation and activation comprises associating the data source function instance to meta data describing either a non-communication network standardized data type or a proprietary data type using attributes defined to the respective data type,

Abstract: A method and apparatus may include receiving, by a network entity, at least one parameter associated with at least one network slice, and generating, by the network entity, at least one domain management data analytics service (MDAS) report based on the received at least one parameter. At least one MDAS report comprising at least one radio access network recommendation associated with one or more of the at least one network slices may then be transmitted.

Abstract: There is provided receiving, at a network entity, a message from at least one peer network entity, determining, if the received message comprises information indicating a trace, at least one trace capable resource entity for processing the received message or subsequent messages of a session of the received message from a set of resource entities comprising trace capable resource entities and trace disabled resource entities, allocating the received message or the subsequent messages of a session of the received message to the determined at least one trace capable resource entity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for virtualized network function (VNF) component (VNFC) level performance management are provided. One method includes collecting virtualized resources measurements, identifying virtualized network function components that the virtualized resources measurements belong to, and associating the collected virtualized resources measurements with an application function (MF).

Abstract: A server (12) comprising means (123) for: generating at least one updated set of model parameters based on at least one current set of model parameters received from at least one apparatus (100-n), the at least one updated set of model parameters being parameters of a machine learning model and being an update of the at least one current set of model parameters; sending the at least one updated set of model parameters to at least one apparatus (100-n).

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for buffering of messages for more complete subscriber or user equipment tracing are provided. For example, a method can include buffering information needed for an individual trace prior to an activation opportunity of the individual trace. The method may also include providing the buffering information to a trace collection entity conditioned on the individual trace being activated.

Abstract: A method for network isolation management is described. The method includes assigning or creating one or more isolation groups for at least one service, wherein resources of services assigned in an isolation group are shared with or without isolation; wherein an isolation group is defined for at least one resource in each layer and each domain to gather the at least one resource of the at least one service; linking an isolation profile for each of the one or more isolation groups, wherein the isolation profile comprises at least one policy to protect the at least one resource of the one or more isolation groups, and wherein the isolation profile comprises at least an isolation level to define a type of isolation; and allocating or reallocating the at least one resource to the at least one service based on the isolation profile linked to the one or more isolation groups.

Abstract: An entity that creates an adaptive trust model, by a trust model adaptor of the apparatus, configured to establish a trust relationship with an other apparatus according to a composition of trust of the other apparatus derived from a trust evaluator of the other apparatus and a composition of trust of the apparatus derived from a trust evaluator of the apparatus. The entity authenticates the other apparatus based on the adaptive trust model and policies defined in the adaptive trust model; defines access control rules for the other apparatus based on the adaptive trust model and the policies defined in the adaptive trust model; builds a secure channel with the other apparatus based on the adaptive trust model and policies defined in the adaptive trust model; and records behaviors of the other apparatus on the apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving, at an image creation agent, a data set; generating, by the image creation agent, based on the received data set, an image associated with the data set, wherein pixel values in the image represent values of data entries of a plurality of rows of data of the data set; and outputting, from the image creation agent, the generated image.

Abstract: There are provided measures for conflict resolution in a network virtualization scenario, wherein a virtualized network function is utilized by a first virtualized network service managed by a first network component and a second virtualized network service managed by a second network component. The measures comprise requesting, by the first network component, an alteration of the virtualized network function, transmitting information indicative of the alteration of the virtualized network function to the second network component, and determining when the alteration of the virtualized network function impacts the second virtualized network service.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a resource availability check.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus configured to: receive, from a management service, location data associated with each of a plurality of transmitters; receive beam and/or antenna parameters associated with beams provided by the plurality of transmitters; use the received location data and received parameters to generate image data representing transmission ranges of the plurality of transmitters; and provide the generated image data to the management service.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for handling managed object priorities in a network, such as 5G, are provided. One method includes receiving a constraint on a priority of a managed object, assigning a priority value satisfying the received constraint to an instance of the managed object, identifying a supporting resource for the managed object with the assigned priority value, and assigning a priority for the supporting resource, using the assigned priority value as a constraint.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for the management of heartbeat notifications, for instance, in a service based management architecture are provided. One method may include receiving, from a first entity, information comprising one or more attributes relating to management of an emission of heartbeat notifications at a second entity. The method may also include associating, by the second entity, the attributes with a subscription, associating the attributes with a communication channel between the second entity and a third entity relating to the subscription, and starting the emission of the heartbeat notifications according to the information received by the second entity from the first entity.

Abstract: A credential manager imports credentials for a network slice in response to deployment of the network slice. The credentials are not known to other network slices. A repository is configured to store the credentials and protect the credentials based on credential protection policies that are defined by a service profile of the network slice. The repository is implemented in the credential manager, an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server, or other location. Properties of the credentials are modified in response to a modification trigger and the credentials are withdrawn in response to a withdrawal trigger.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry. The at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to receive, from a data consumer, a request for providing data from a data source for processing by the data consumer. The request is processed to obtain, from a configuration management function, a meta data instance related to the requested data, to create a schema of the requested data based on the meta data instance, to obtain a schema for accessing the data being provided by a data source for making the data reusable as history data, and to register the obtained meta data instance and the schema for accessing the data in a repository.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to service based architecture management. A method of service based architecture management comprises creating, at a management entity, a managed service instance for managing a service associated with a service provider, the managed service instance including a set of attributes associated with the service at least including a state of the managed service instance; transmitting the set of attributes to the service provider, to enable the service provider to activate the service based on the set of attributes; receiving, from the service provider, a service activating message indicating that the service is activated; and updating the state of the managed service instance based on the service activating message. In this way, the network management can be implemented in a NF Service level.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine (902) that at least one state of a network slice is to be adjusted in a limited geographical area of at least one network resource; and adjust (904, 906, 908) the at least one state of the network slice in the limited geographical area of the at least one network resource.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling over performance measurements. The method includes associating a measurement list with a containing MOI; associating number of MCIs with said containing MOI according to said measurement list; collecting measurement records according to attributes of at least one of said MCIs after said at least one MCI is activated; processing the measurement records and making them available to number of consumers. The solution is aligned with Services Based Management Architecture management paradigm that 3GPP SA5 introduced for 5G management in 3GPP Rel-15, which increases flexibility of both Management and Managed Entity, and enables reusability of the measurement data and tasks.