Abstract: Disclosed is a lance head for a water-cooled oxygen lance for treating melts, especially for oxygen top-blowing onto steel melts in a converter, with at least one expansion nozzle which widens conically in the direction of the bath surface proceeding from a pipe portion having the narrowest nozzle cross section. This nozzle has, following the pipe portion that has the critical cross section, a first conical widening which opens into a cylindrical duct. At least one annular chamber is provided in the duct. A nozzle part which widens conically at least partially adjoins the annular chamber before the mouth of the expansion nozzle.

Abstract: A process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, with and without solid material, on a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, a process for generating a burner flame and corresponding devices. The inventive process and lance suitable for such process provides, without structural conversion and by a simple design, various different process steps in the treatment of metal melts in a metallurgical vessel while increasing the insertion rates of the individual media. This is accomplished using a multifunctional lance in which the process of blowing oxygen with and without solids, and the generation of a burner flame may be performed independently from one another. The individual supply lines are connected in a corresponding manner depending on the respective process step. In the process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, vibrations are excited in the gas flow in a relatively simple manner.

Abstract: A process and a device for introducing gases into a metal melt contained in metallurgical vessels via ducts arranged in the refractory lining of the vessel. In order to permit deeper penetration of the jet of gas and better mixing with the melt, an oscillating jet of gas is produced and introduced into the melt. For this purpose, several acoustic generators with which the gas is brought into contact with the melt are provided in the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for blowing oxygen over a metal melt under a vacuum. The oxygen is to be applied over a large surface with a large intermediate phase area while avoiding overcooling in the metal bath by simple, easily maintained structural means. The flow of oxygen in the lance is accelerated and compressed into plug-shaped oxygen pulses, which leave the lance in succession and which form an oxygen bell over the vacuum above the metal melt, having an oxygen casing and an oxygen core, the core moving at a speed similar to that of the casing. At the base of the wall 41 of the blowing lance 40 there is an annular nozzle 42. At a distance behind the annular nozzle 42 in the direction of flow of the oxygen there is a blind tube 44 forming a fan-shaped compartment 43. Between the bottom 46 of the blind tube 44 and the head of the blowing lance 40 there is a pre-nozzle chamber 48 and in the head of the blowing lance 40 there is at least one base nozzle 50 directed toward the melt.