Abstract: Methods of pre-emptive credit control, as well as corresponding network elements and a computer program are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method is performed in a network element comprising receiving, from an online charging system, at least one pre-emptive credit control directive for a subscriber, the credit control directive applying to at least one rating group; storing the at least one pre-emptive credit control directive in the network element and applying the at least one pre-emptive credit control directive at content or service delivery start, prior to any service or content received from, or addressing, the subscriber and belonging to the at least one rating group being forwarded from the network element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble cationic acrylamide-based polymer having one or more acetoacetate groups. The invention also relates to a method for producing the water-soluble polymer which comprises polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous phase, wherein the monomers comprise (a) (meth)acrylamide, (b) ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomer, (c) ethylenically unsaturated monomer having one or more acetoacetate groups, and (d) optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The invention further relates to the use of the water-soluble polymer as a strength agent in the production of paper and board. The invention further relates to a process for producing paper and board which comprises providing an aqueous cellulosic suspension, adding to the suspension water-soluble polymer having one or more ketone groups, and dewatering the obtained suspension.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to the field of Credit Control. More particularly the disclosure relates to methods of pre-emptive credit control, as well as to corresponding network elements and to a computer program. According to one aspect the disclosure relates to a method performed in a network element comprising receiving, from an online charging system, at least one pre-emptive credit control directive for a subscriber, the credit control directive applying to at least one rating group; storing the at least one pre-emptive credit control directive in the network element and applying the at least one pre-emptive credit control directive at content or service delivery start, prior to any service or content received from, or addressing, the subscriber and belonging to the at least one rating group being forwarded from the network element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble cationic acrylamide-based polymer having one or more acetoacetate groups. The invention also relates to a method for producing the water-soluble polymer which comprises polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous phase, wherein the monomers comprise (a) (meth)acrylamide, (b) ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomer, (c) ethylenically unsaturated monomer having one or more acetoacetate groups, and (d) optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The invention further relates to the use of the water-soluble polymer as a strength agent in the production of paper and board. The invention further relates to a process for producing paper and board which comprises providing an aqueous cellulosic suspension, adding to the suspension water-soluble polymer having one or more ketone groups, and dewatering the obtained suspension.

Abstract: A router providing selective routing depending on traffic direction. The router includes two IP interfaces, where each IP interface is associated with a respective virtual private network. The router uses two forwarding tables. The first forwarding table routes traffic towards a first IP interface and a second forwarding table is capable of simultaneously routing traffic in the opposite direction, away from the first IP interface. The first IP interface is coupled to a first tunnel which provides bi-directional connectivity to mobile stations. The second IP interface is coupled to a second tunnel providing bi-directional connectivity to a corporate network. The router also includes a third interface which provides bi-directional connectivity to mobile stations. The router routes traffic through the second interface in the event that a mobile station on one interface is communicating with a mobile station on the third interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a characterization platform that can be used to assess the amount of different antibodies produced by a polyclonal cell line during production, as well as batch-to-batch consistency of the antibodies present in the polyclonal products. The structural characterization platform is based on removal of the heavy chains and separation of the light chains remaining via a chromatographic separation technique followed by mass spectrometry analysis on the intact light chain species.

Abstract: A network comprising a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) serving at least one virtual private network (VPN), whereby the gateway GPRS support node comprises at least two virtual private network (VPN) routing/forwarding instances per internet protocol (IP) interface has been shown. A router with directional specific properties has moreover been disclosed.

Abstract: In a plate heat exchanger, having double-walled plate formed heat transfer elements (1, 2), adjacent such heat transfer elements are permanently brazed together by means of three different and spaced brazing joints. A first brazing joint surrounds an area, which covers the heat transfer portions (3, 4) of the heat transfer elements and first inlet openings and outlet openings (8, 9) communicating with a flow passage (6) that is formed between said heat transfer portions. A second joint and a third joint surround respective inlet openings and outlet openings (10, 11), which are closed from communication with said flow passage (6). Leakage areas (16-19; 39), which communicate with the surrounding of the plate heat exchanger, are formed between said first joint and each one of said other joints.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger is composed of a number of plate elements each of which comprises two thin nested plates, the elements defining flow spaces between them, adjacent elements being joined around their periphery by brazing bent edge portions, there being brims extending from the edge portions of each plate element, each brim being spaced from the brims of adjacent plate elements.

Abstract: A photocell illuminated by the projection lamp of a slide projector controls a spring-biased longitudinally movable lamp exchange carrier. Lamp failure causes a change of state in the photocell that electronically releases an electromagnetic lock and allows the spring-tensioned lamp carrier to change positions. The last spare lamp is screened from the photocell, causing the electronic circuit to energize a fluorescent diode to indicate that the last spare lamp is being used.

Abstract: An automatic diaphragm control for camera lenses having independent diaphragm and shutter speed rings in which a reversible motor is positioned to drive the diaphragm ring, and a gear engaging the diaphragm ring drives a potentiometer. A light-sensor is in circuit with the motor and the potentiometer to drive the diaphragm ring to cause the potentiometer to balance the light-sensor output. The position of the diaphragm ring and the potentiometer is adjustable for film speed and for the selected shutter speed.