Abstract: A roller skate swing brake includes a support pivotably attached to the axle of the rear wheel of a skate and containing a brake pad. The support is spring activated to keep the brake pad from contacting the skating surface in the open position in front of the rear wheel, When braking is desired, the skater raises the front wheel of the skate, which action brings a roller, contained by a pivot member located back of the rear wheel, into contact with the skating surface. By linkage, the brake pad is swung down in front of the rear wheel where the movement of the skate and further pivoting of the pivot member will bring the brake pad to its full braking position underneath the rear wheel of the skate. At this point, the skater lowers the front wheel onto the skating surface so as to brake the skate while maintaining the wheels of both skates level on the skating surface. The braking force may be regulated by the shift of the skater's weight over the skate.

Abstract: A roller skate toe brake includes a generally flat pedal inside the toe portion of shoes adaptable to in line roller skates. The pedal is hinged to the shoe and is movably connected to a brake pad located over one of the rollers. The pedal and brake pad are spring activated to keep the brake pad from touching the roller in the open position. When braking is desired, the skater activates the pedal which action closes the brake pad onto the roller and the skating surface to brake the roller skate. The roller skate toe brake is intended to improve the safety of roller skating and to facilitate hockey and figure skating maneuvers.

Abstract: A spot welding electrode valve includes a body having an upper and a lower tapered portion and containing a hollow valve which houses a spring loaded sensor having a valve portion. The spot welding electrode valve is adapted to be mounted to a standard resistance welding electrode through its upper tapered end portion and in the mounted position the valves in the body are closed so as to circulate coolant fluid through the body and the welding electrode. The lower tapered end portion is adapted to receive a welding cap or tip which when mounted actuates the sensor to open the valves in the body to allow coolant fluid to flow inside the welding cap or tip and to remove heat generated in the welding process. When the welding cap or tip is removed for replacement or repair, the sensor will automatically close the valves in the body and confine circulation of the coolant fluid inside the spot welding electrode valve and welding electrode without external release.

Abstract: A male spot welding electrode includes a weld end portion having a generally flat contact surface and a tapered mounting portion containing an inlet bore. The inlet bore communicates with an internal cavity, containing cooling fins, for coolant fluid flow. The diameter of the internal cavity is made larger than the diameter of the inlet bore in order to maximize the cooling surface for the dissipation of heat generated during repeated welding operations. The male spot welding electrode is produced from a single billet of copper material through a process of back-extrusion and swaging.