Abstract: A soldering nest provided in a bus bar, having an aperture for the introduction of a terminal lead (40) to be soldered thereinto, and the introduction of the terminal lead may be effected from a first surface plane of the bus bar (10) and soldering may be effected from a second, opposite surface plane of the bus bar (10). The aperture is formed by a conical bore (20) which is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface plane of the bus bar (10) and whose cone angle is at least 30?. The apex of the conical bore (20) is oriented toward the first surface plane of the bus bar (10), and the conical bore (20) terminates in a circular aperture (21) whose diameter is slightly greater than the diameter of the terminal lead (40).

Abstract: Battery charger circuit operated from a three-phase network, comprising a three phase mains transformer with three secondary windings and three parallel connected pairs of series diodes, wherein the central interconnection lines of each of the series pairs of diodes are connected to respective end terminals of an associated one of the three secondary windings of the transformer, and the battery charger circuit comprises three similar circuits each of them is associated with a respective phase, each of the similar circuits comprises a permanently connected electrolytic capacitor (CR1, CS1, CT1) and a diode (DR, DS, DT) in parallel with the capacitor, wherein one end of the similar circuits is connected to the other terminal of the secondary winding (S1, S2, S3) of the associated phase, and the other ends of the similar circuits are interconnected.

Abstract: Charging circuit for charging two batteries with a mains transformer having a primary and a secondary winding, both end terminals of the secondary winding are connected with respective capacitive circuits, wherein terminals of identical polarity of the respective capacitive circuits are connected to the end terminals of the secondary winding and each of the capacitive circuits comprises at least one electrolytic capacitor of high capacitance value and a diode connected in reverse direction, and at least the other terminal of one of the capacitive circuits is connected with a common point of two diodes connected in series with each other, and the two remaining free electrodes of the two diodes (D1, D2) are coupled to at least two of the altogether four terminals of the two batteries (B1, B2), and the second terminal of the other capacitive circuit with opposite polarity is connected directly or through a further diode (D5) to the fourth battery terminal.

Abstract: Battery charging circuit having a mains transformer with a primary and a secondary winding, at least one capacitor connected in series with a terminal of the secondary winding, and a pair of diodes connected with their different electrodes to an other terminal of the secondary winding, wherein that the other electrodes of the diodes (D1, D2) constitute output terminals for connection to a battery (B) to be charged, the terminal of the capacitor (C1) other than that connected to the secondary winding is connected to one of the output terminals, furthermore the capacitor (C1) is an electrolytic capacitor with at least 100 ?F capacitance, and at least one further electrolytic capacitor (C2, C3) with similar capacitance can be connected in parallel to the first capacitor by means of a controlled semiconductor switch (K3), and at least one of the primary and secondary windings (1, 2) comprise tap points lead out and connectable through an associated switch (K1, K2).

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for the parallel operation of battery, wherein each battery charger comprises respective pairs of direct current output terminals for connection to the battery to be charged, and between said pairs of output terminals a repetitive sequence of pulsating direct current voltage can be measured, and the peak values of the pulsating direct current voltage is higher than the nominal terminal voltage of the battery (B), and each battery charger (Ch1, Ch2, . . . Chn) comprises in series with the current path at least one electrolytic capacitor (C1, C2, . . . Cn), an inductance (L1, L2, . . . Ln) and at least one semiconductor means (D1, D2, . . . Dn) open in the direction of the charging current, the output terminals of the battery chargers are connected in parallel with each other and for each of the battery chargers (Ch1, Ch2, . . . Chn) it is true that in the respective charging periods the vectorial sum of the instantaneous voltages on the electrolytic capacitor (C1, C2, . . .

Abstract: A current conductor made of braided wire is provided for use in applications of over 5 A/mm2 density or in pulsating applications. The current conductor is formed by braiding conductor-containing groups (11) of strands that are insulated from one another, with the groups (11a, 11b) intersecting one another at an angle. The braid has a cross section of closed profile, and within the cross section a spacer (12)is positioned for preserving the shape of the profile and for maintaining spaced the braid portions facing one another. The angle of intersection of the mutually intersecting groups (11) is 90°±30°.

Abstract: Switching arrangement for interconnecting electrolytic capacitors that comprises an electronic switch formed by a semiconductor device and a delay member. The semiconductor device has a control input which is, through an RC-type delay member, connected to a control input (VS) supplying the switching signal. The switching arrangement has a predetermined switching delay. The semiconductor device is a field effect transistor (FT), whose main circuit is coupled through an inductive element (L), supplying a second delay, to the capacitor (C1) to be switched. The inductive element (L) is a conductor (10) of determined length surrounded by a high-frequency ferrite core (11, 12). The delay effected by the RC member ensures only that fraction of the switching delay at which the device is loaded within its permissible load limit and the remaining delay is supplied by the inductive element (L).

Abstract: A current conductor made of braided wire is provided for use in applications of over 10 A/mm2 density or in pulsating applications. The current conductor is formed by braiding conductor-containing groups (11); the groups (11a, 11b) intersect one another at an angle. The braid has a cross section of closed profile, and within the cross section a spacer (12) is positioned for preserving the shape of the profile and for maintaining spaced the braid portions facing one another. The angle of intersection of the mutually intersecting groups (11) is 90?±30?.

Abstract: A soldering nest provided in a bus bar, having an aperture for the introduction of a terminal lead (40) to be soldered thereinto, and the introduction of the terminal lead may be effected from a first surface plane of the bus bar (10) and soldering may be effected from a second, opposite surface plane of the bus bar (10). The aperture is formed by a conical bore (20) which is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the surface plane of the bus bar (10) and whose cone angle is at least 30. The apex of the conical bore (20) is oriented toward the first surface plane of the bus bar (10), and the conical bore (20) terminates in a circular aperture (21) whose diameter is slightly greater than the diameter of the terminal lead (40).

Abstract: Switching arrangement for interconnecting electrolytic capacitors that comprises an electronic switch formed by a semiconductor device and a delay member. The semiconductor device has a control input which is, through an RC-type delay member, connected to a control input (VS) supplying the switching signal. The switching arrangement has a predetermined switching delay. The semiconductor device is a field effect transistor (FT), whose main circuit is coupled through an inductive element (L), supplying a second delay, to the capacitor (C1) to be switched. The inductive element (L) is a conductor (10) of determined length surrounded by a high-frequency ferrite core (11, 12). The delay effected by the RC member ensures only that fraction of the switching delay at which the device is loaded within its permissible load limit and the remaining delay is supplied by the inductive element (L).

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting slow and small changes of electrical signals including the sign of the changes, which has: a controlled switch (2) connected in the path of the signal to be detected; a capacitor (3) connected with a first terminal to the switch and charged to the voltage of the signal; an amplifier (5) with an input connected to second terminal of the capacitor (3) and generating a pulse signal corresponding to the charge or discharge current of the capacitor having corresponding proper sign; a window comparator (7) having first and second reference voltages (+UK, ?UK) determining a window, and a signal input connected to output of the amplifier (5) for indicating whether the output signal of the amplifier lies in the range defined by the window or it has been crossed in negative or positive directions; storage and logical units each having first and second storage means (8, 11); and a pulse generator (9) connected to control input of the controlled switch (2) to make it closed for periodically re

Abstract: Central control unit for controlling the charging process of a battery that comprises: a charger circuit coupled to the battery; a circuit for conditionally prohibiting the charging process when predetermined conditions are met, the conditions comprise at least the condition of TB>Tmax, where TB designates the actual temperature of the battery and Tmax designates the highest permissible battery temperature, and the further condition when the change of one of the battery current and voltage dI and dU decreases in a predetermined time period below a predetermined threshold level; and a restart circuit for restarting the conditionally prohibited charging, comprising a plurality of inputs through which respective restart signals can be received, wherein a precondition of any restart is that the temperature of the battery TB being lower than an acceptable predetermined temperature Tok.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting slow and small changes of electrical signals including the sign of the changes, which has:

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting slow and small changes of electrical signals including the sign of the changes, the apparatus includes: a controlled switch (2); a capacitor (3) charged to the voltage of a signal to be detected; an amplifier (5) for generating a pulse signal corresponding to the charge or discharge current of the capacitor (3) having corresponding proper sign; a window comparator (7) for indicating whether the output signal of the amplifier (5) lies in the range defined by the window or it has been crossed in negative or positive directions; storage and logic units each having first and second storage devices (8, 11); a pulse generator (9) connected to the controlled switch (2) to make.it closed for periodically repeated sampling periods; a first storage device storing the logical state of the window comparator (7) with proper sign, and a predetermined section of each pulse of the pulse generator reading such stored values of the first storage device into a second storaged device.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for pulsated charging of batteries that comprises: an alternating current source that has a predetermined inductance; a pair of bridge branches each comprising a parallel arrangement of a capacitor and a semiconductor switch element being preferably a diode or a thyristor, and the branches are connected to respective ones of the terminals of the source in such a way that the semiconductor elements in both branches are connected with similar electrodes to the associated one of the terminals; and a rectifier with alternative current terminals connected to the free ends of the bridge branches and with direct current terminals connected to the battery to be charged.

Abstract: A switch having controlled rise and fall characteristics for electronic switching and power controlling a load has a switching element for the load controlled by a rectifier bridge, a filter circuit, a feedback amplifier stage, a low-power switch (SCR) and a diac. The feedback amplifier stage has a phase shifting circuit, a switching and/or amplifying circuit and a filter stage. The filter stage has a capacitor, Zener diode, a switch and, possibly, a potentiometer for controlling rise-control and fall-control resistors.