Abstract: A method for making steel wires, wherein an elongate shaped wire is produced by rolling or drawing steel consisting of 0.05-0.5% C, 0.4-1.5% Mn, 0-2.5% Cr, 0.1-0.6% Si, 0-1% Mo, no more than 0.25% Ni, and no more than 0.02% S and P, and a first heat treatment is performed on the shaped wire, including at least one step of quenching under predetermined conditions to achieve an HRC hardness of at least 32, a predominately martensitic and bainitic steel structure and a small amount of ferrite. A shaped wire and a flexible tube for conveying an H.sub.2 S-containing effluent are disclosed.

Abstract: For diminishing coking in a petrochemical process, coking-resistant steel containing by weight:about 0.05% to 0.06% of carbon;about 2.5% to 5% of silicon;10% to 20% of chromium;10% to 15% of nickel0.5% to 1.5% of manganese;0-0.5% of titanium;at most 0.8% of aluminium;the complement to 100% being essentially iron,can be used to manufacture tubes and plates for producing reactors or elements thereof, as well as for coatings of the internal walls of furnaces, reactors or tubings where coking can occur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the agglomeration tendency of hydrates within a fluid containing water and gas by adding a nonionic, amphiphilic compound obtained by reacting at least one polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride or acid with a polyethylene glycol monoether. The nonionic, amphiphilic compound is generally introduced in a concentration of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the water present.

Abstract: A reinforced hose including at least one of a pressure-resistant reinforcement, a tensile-strength reinforcement and/or an inner carcass. At least one of the pressure-resistant reinforcement, the tensile-strength reinforcement and the inner carcass have at least one elongated element formed as one of a profile, a cable, an interlockable wire, and a strip with the at least one elongated element being composed of an aluminum-based alloy.

Abstract: A method of producing steel wires intended for the manufacture of flexible conduits, steel wires obtained by this method, and flexible conduits reinforced by such wires is characterized by the fact that, for a given strain-hardening rate of the initial wire, a heat treatment is carried out under conditions of time and temperature such that the steel wire obtained after treatment has a mechanical rupture strength (Rm) greater than 850 MPa and a structure containing little free ferrite.

Abstract: A reinforced hose including at least one of a pressure-resistant reinforcement, a tensile-strength reinforcement and/or an inner carcass. At least one of the pressure-resistant reinforcement, the tensile-strength reinforcement and the inner carcass have at least one elongated element formed as one of a profile, a cable, an interlockable wire, and a strip with the at least one elongated element being composed of an aluminum-based alloy.

Abstract: An armoured flexible pipe having one or more of the following components, a pressure resistant armouring, a traction resistant armouring and/or an internal carcase, in which pipe at least one of said components comprises one or more elongated elements such as a shaped piece, a cable, a wire or a strip. The element is formed of a composite material with aluminium alloy matrix comprising reinforcement elements such as particles and/or whiskers.

Abstract: A process for delaying the formation and/or reducing the agglomeration tendency of hydrates in conditions under which a hydrate may be formed, these hydrates being formed from water and gas.The process according to the invention wherein, in particular, an additive comprising at least one amphiphilic compound chosen from the group of esters of polyols and substituted or unsubstituted carboxylic acids is used.Application of the process according to the invention to processes using gases and water, which form hydrates between them, in particular in the petroleum or gas industry.

Abstract: A method of producing steel wires intended for the manufacture of flexible conduits, steel wires obtained by this method, and flexible conduits reinforced by such wires is characterized by the fact that, for a given strain-hardening rate of the initial wire, a heat treatment is carried out under conditions of time and temperature such that the steel wire obtained after treatment has a mechanical rupture strength (Rm) greater than 850 MPa and a structure containing little free ferrite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extracting water mixed with a liquid fluid. The process is characterized in particular by carrying out the following steps:forming a dispersion of hydrates of a gas within the fluid, these hydrates being formed from water and gas in a sufficient quantity, the gas being suitable for forming hydrates;separating the hydrates from at least most of the fluid, the hydrates possibly being with a remaining part of the fluid, andbreaking down the hydrates previously concentrated in order to obtain gas and water.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for delaying the formation and/or reducing the agglomeration tendency of hydrates in conditions under which a hydrate may be formed, these hydrates being formed from water and gas. The process according to the invention wherein, in particular, an additive comprising at least one compound from the group of hydroxycarbylamides of substituted carboxylic acids is used. Application of the process according to the invention to processes using gases and water, which form hydrates between them, in particular in the petroleum or gas industry.

Abstract: A method is provided for transporting in a duct a fluid comprising gas and water, and being under conditions where at least one hydrate is formed, the hydrates being formed from said gas and said water, wherein, before or during the formation of the hydrate or hydrates, an additive is injected into said fluid for reducing the tendency to agglomeration of the hydrate so as to obtain one or more hydrates in dispersed form, and said fluid is transported containing said hydrate or hydrates in dispersed form.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols by reacting carbon oxides with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing simultaneously copper, cobalt, aluminum and at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal A selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, in respective atomic ratios of Cu/Co=0.1-5, Al/co=0.7-4, A metals/Co=0.05-3.5, the proportion by weight of each metal to the total metals weight being respectively: copper: 10-65%, cobalt: 5-50%, aluminum: 5-40%, metal A: 0.1-15%, the homogeneity of the catalyst being such that the atomic ratio cobalt/aluminum does not vary by more than 15% with respect to its average value, on a scale of 5 nanometers.

Abstract: Improved process for manufacturing methanol by reacting carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The reactant gases circulate downwardly in admixture with a liquid phase of inert diluent through a methanol synthesis fixed bed catalyst. The superficial velocities of the gas phase and of the liquid phase are at least 1.5 cm per second, under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic synthesis of methane by reaction of carbon oxides with hydrogen in the presence of liquid water, wherein the catalyst is formed of a carrier consisting either of coal or charcoal, preferably of plant origin, or of alumina-silica, on which is deposited ruthenium, for example by impregnation with ruthenium acetylacetonate, said catalyst being preferably used as particles suspended in water.

Abstract: The resistance to cracking corrosion of steel elongate elements, such as wires or armorings of flexible pipes or cables destined to be exposed to the corrosion of aqueous corrosive media, is increased by subjecting said elements to a series of alternate flexions in opposite directions, by passing them between rollers in staggered arrangement, so as to generate in said elements compression zones extending from each of the main external surfaces thereof to the inside over at least one third of the distance of said surface to the longitudinal axis of the element.

Abstract: Methane is produced by passing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and an aqueous liquid phase downwardly through a fixed bed of a catalyst containing ruthenium on a carrier such as alumina, separating and externally coolng in a heat exchanger the resultant aqueous phase before recycling, thereby limiting the reaction temperature within a range from 200.degree. to 320.degree. C.

Abstract: Improved process for reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The reactant gases circulate downwardly in admixture with a liquid phase of inert diluent through a fixed bed catalyst. The superficial velocity of each of the gas phase and the liquid phase is at least 1.5 cm per second, preferably 3 to 20 cm per second. The products are hydrocarbons, for example methane, or alcohols, for example methanol, depending on the catalyst.

Abstract: Methane is obtained by reacting hydrogen with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst manufactured by reacting a nickel compound with a reducing aluminum compound in the presence of a titanium compound. The aluminum compound is preferably a trialkylaluminum compound and the atomic ratio of aluminum to (nickel + titanium) is preferably from 1/1 to 20/1.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a constituent for motor car gasoline from a synthesis gas containing essentially carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising producing methanol and its higher homologs by treatment of said synthesis gas in a first catalytic reaction zone at 230.degree.-350.degree. C., cooling and condensing the effluent therefrom, separating from the liquid condensate a gas fraction, treating the latter at 240.degree.-300.degree. C. in a second catalytic reaction zone to produce a liquid methanol fraction and admixing said methanol fraction with said liquid condensate to form said gasoline constituent.