Abstract: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used in conjunction with continuous glucose monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to enable in-vivo sensor calibration, gross (sensor) failure analysis, and intelligent sensor diagnostics and fault detection. An equivalent circuit model is defined, and circuit elements are used to characterize sensor behavior.

Abstract: A fluid infusion system includes a housing configured to be adhesively coupled to an anatomy of a user, and a tube configured to extend from the housing for insertion into the anatomy of the user. The tube includes a plurality of conduits defined within the tube. The plurality of conduits include a fluid delivery conduit configured to facilitate a fluidic connection between a fluid source and the anatomy of the user, and one or more conduits configured to accommodate a plurality of electrodes for determining a physiological characteristic of the user.

Abstract: A fluid infusion system includes a housing configured to be adhesively coupled to an anatomy of the user. The housing comprises a communication device configured to wirelessly communicate a physiological characteristic to a communication component of a fluid infusion device. The fluid infusion system includes a fluid flow path from the fluid infusion device into the anatomy of the user, and the fluid flow path is configured to extend from the housing for insertion into the anatomy of the user.

Abstract: A continuous glucose monitoring system may utilize electrode current (Isig) signals, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Vcntr values to optimize sensor glucose (SG) calculation in such a way as to enable reduction of the need for blood glucose (BG) calibration requests from users.

Abstract: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used in conjunction with continuous glucose monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to enable in-vivo sensor calibration, gross (sensor) failure analysis, and intelligent sensor diagnostics and fault detection. An equivalent circuit model is defined, and circuit elements are used to characterize sensor behavior.

Abstract: Medical devices and related patient management systems and parameter modeling methods are provided. An exemplary method of operating a sensing device associated with a patient involves obtaining current operational context information associated with the sensing device, obtaining a parameter model associated with the patient, calculating a current parameter value based on the parameter model and the current operational context information, obtaining one or more signals from a sensing element configured to measure a condition in a body of the patient, and providing an output that is influenced by the calculated current parameter value and the one or more signals.

Abstract: Medical devices and related patient management systems and parameter modeling methods are provided. An exemplary method involves obtaining, by a computing device, historical measurements of a condition in a body of the patient previously provided by a sensing device, obtaining, by the computing device, historical operational context information associated with preceding operation of one or more of an infusion device and the sensing device, obtaining, by the computing device, historical values for a parameter from one or more of the infusion device and the sensing device, determining, by the computing device a patient-specific model of the parameter based on relationships between the historical measurements, the historical operational context information and the historical values, and providing, by the computing device via a network, the patient-specific model to one of the infusion device, the sensing device or a client device.

Abstract: Vset-based systems and methods for performing sensor health diagnostics are disclosed. Methods and systems for in-body glucose sensor health diagnostics may use steady-state Isig characterization under full-range operating Vsets, transient Isig response characterization after Vset alternations, transient Vset characterization, and open circuit potential measurements for estimating sensor health and for monitoring sensor properties.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensor calibration and sensor glucose (SG) fusion are used advantageously to improve the accuracy and reliability of orthogonally redundant glucose sensor devices, which may include optical and electrochemical glucose sensors. Calibration for both sensors may be achieved via fixed-offset and/or dynamic regression methodologies, depending, e.g., on sensor stability and Isig-Ratio pair correlation. For SG fusion, respective integrity checks may be performed for SG values from the optical and electrochemical sensors, and the SG values calibrated if the integrity checks are passed. Integrity checks may include checking for sensitivity loss, noise, and drift. If the integrity checks are failed, in-line sensor mapping between the electrochemical and optical sensors may be performed prior to calibration.

Abstract: Medical devices and related patient management systems and parameter modeling methods are provided. An exemplary method of operating a sensing device associated with a patient involves obtaining current operational context information associated with the sensing device, obtaining a parameter model associated with the patient, calculating a current parameter value based on the parameter model and the current operational context information, obtaining one or more signals from a sensing element configured to measure a condition in a body of the patient, and providing an output that is influenced by the calculated current parameter value and the one or more signals.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensor calibration and sensor glucose (SG) fusion are used advantageously to improve the accuracy and reliability of orthogonally redundant glucose sensor devices, which may include optical and electrochemical glucose sensors. Calibration for both sensors may be achieved via fixed-offset and/or dynamic regression methodologies, depending, e.g., on sensor stability and Isig-Ratio pair correlation. For SG fusion, respective integrity checks may be performed for SG values from the optical and electrochemical sensors, and the SG values calibrated if the integrity checks are passed. Integrity checks may include checking for sensitivity loss, noise, and drift. If the integrity checks are failed, in-line sensor mapping between the electrochemical and optical sensors may be performed prior to calibration.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensor calibration and sensor glucose (SG) fusion are used advantageously to improve the accuracy and reliability of orthogonally redundant glucose sensor devices, which may include optical and electrochemical glucose sensors. Calibration for both sensors may be achieved via fixed-offset and/or dynamic regression methodologies, depending, e.g., on sensor stability and Isig-Ratio pair correlation. For SG fusion, respective integrity checks may be performed for SG values from the optical and electrochemical sensors, and the SG values calibrated if the integrity checks are passed. Integrity checks may include checking for sensitivity loss, noise, and drift. If the integrity checks are failed, in-line sensor mapping between the electrochemical and optical sensors may be performed prior to calibration.

Abstract: A single, optimal, fused sensor glucose value may be calculated based on respective sensor glucose values of a plurality of redundant working electrodes (WEs) of a glucose sensor. Respective electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedures may be performed for each of the WEs to obtain values of membrane resistance (Rmem) for each WE. A noise value and a calibration factor (CF) value may be calculated for each WE, and respective fusion weights may be calculated for Rmem, noise, and CF for each WE. An overall fusion weight may then be calculated based on the WE's Rmem fusion weight, noise fusion weight, and CF fusion weight, such that a single, optimal, fused sensor glucose value may be calculated based on the respective overall fusion weight and sensor glucose value of each of the plurality of redundant working electrodes.

Abstract: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used in conjunction with continuous glucose monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to enable in-vivo sensor calibration, gross (sensor) failure analysis, and intelligent sensor diagnostics and fault detection. An equivalent circuit model is defined, and circuit elements are used to characterize sensor behavior.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide optimized polymeric surfaces adapted for use with implantable medical devices as well as methods for making and using such polymeric surfaces. These polymer surfaces have a constellation of features that function to inhibit or avoid an inflammatory immune response generated by implantable medical devices. Typical embodiments of the invention include an implantable glucose sensor used in the management of diabetes having a polymer surface with the disclosed constellation of features.

Abstract: A single, optimal, fused sensor glucose value may be calculated based on respective sensor glucose values of a plurality of redundant working electrodes (WEs) of a glucose sensor. Respective electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedures may be performed for each of the WEs to obtain values of membrane resistance (Rmem) for each WE. A noise value and a calibration factor (CF) value may be calculated for each WE, and respective fusion weights may be calculated for Rmem, noise, and CF for each WE. An overall fusion weight may then be calculated based on the WE's Rmem fusion weight, noise fusion weight, and CF fusion weight, such that a single, optimal, fused sensor glucose value may be calculated based on the respective overall fusion weight and sensor glucose value of each of the plurality of redundant working electrodes.

Abstract: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is used in conjunction with continuous glucose monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to enable in-vivo sensor calibration, gross (sensor) failure analysis, and intelligent sensor diagnostics and fault detection. An equivalent circuit model is defined, and circuit elements are used to characterize sensor behavior.

Abstract: A method for optional external calibration of a calibration-free glucose sensor uses values of measured working electrode current (Isig) and EIS data to calculate a final sensor glucose (SG) value. Counter electrode voltage (Vcntr) may also be used as an input. Raw Isig and Vcntr values may be preprocessed, and low-pass filtering, averaging, and/or feature generation may be applied. SG values may be generated using one or more models for predicting SG calculations. When an external blood glucose (BG) value is available, the BG value may also be used in calculating the SG values. A SG variance estimate may be calculated for each predicted SG value and modulated, with the modulated SG values then fused to generate a fused SG. A Kalman filter, as well as error detection logic, may be applied to the fused SG value to obtain a final SG, which is then displayed to the user.

Abstract: A continuous glucose monitoring system may employ complex redundancy to take operational advantage of disparate characteristics of two or more dissimilar, or non-identical, sensors, including, e.g., characteristics relating to hydration, stabilization, and durability of such sensors. Fusion algorithms, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and advanced Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) may be used to implement use of such redundant glucose sensors, devices, and sensor systems in such a way as to bridge the gaps between fast start-up, sensor longevity, and accuracy of calibration-free algorithms. Systems, devices, and algorithms are described for achieving a long-wear and reliable sensor which also minimizes, or eliminates, the need for BG calibration, thereby providing a calibration-free, or near calibration-free, sensor.

Abstract: A pseudo-orthogonally redundant glucose sensor device may include one or more electrochemical peroxide-based glucose sensor(s) and one or more electrochemical oxygen-based sensor(s). The electrochemical peroxide-based glucose sensor(s) may operate as traditional peroxide-based sensor(s), which may include a chemistry stack with glucose oxidase as a catalytic agent. The electrochemical oxygen-based sensor(s) may be used to measure oxygen, as well as to measure glucose by computing differences in oxygen between two working electrodes. In embodiments of the invention, one of the oxygen-based sensors may be used directly as a diagnostic to determine whether each peroxide-based glucose sensor is functioning properly, as well as to determine which modality of sensing to use. Because of the internal oxygen-based reference, the glucose sensor device provides oxygen-resistant glucose sensing, as well as near-orthogonal redundancy.