Abstract: An electric machine includes at least one stator having at least one individual-tooth winding carrier that has at least one spacer configured to space apart turns of an individual-tooth winding mounted on the individual-tooth winding carrier. A hybrid electric aircraft has an electric machine of this kind.

Abstract: An electric machine includes at least one stator having at least one individual-tooth winding carrier that has at least one spacer configured to space apart turns of an individual-tooth winding mounted on the individual-tooth winding carrier. A hybrid electric aircraft has an electric machine of this kind.

Abstract: An electric machine includes at least one stator having at least one individual-tooth winding carrier that has at least one spacer configured to space apart turns of an individual-tooth winding mounted on the individual-tooth winding carrier. A hybrid electric aircraft has an electric machine of this kind.

Abstract: An electric machine includes at least one stator having at least one individual-tooth winding carrier that has at least one spacer configured to space apart turns of an individual-tooth winding mounted on the individual-tooth winding carrier. A hybrid electric aircraft has an electric machine of this kind.

Abstract: A method includes: assembling first and second pieces in a slip-fit joint without applying adhesive or sealant, wherein the first piece covers a portion of the second piece in the slip-fit joint; and injecting adhesive through the first piece until the adhesive fills a gap of the slip-fit joint, wherein the adhesive makes the slip-fit joint air tight without applying the sealant. An air-tight slip-fit joint consists essentially of: first and second pieces assembled without applying adhesive or sealant, wherein the first piece covers a portion of the second piece in the slip-fit joint; and adhesive injected through the first piece until the adhesive fills a gap of the slip-fit joint, wherein the adhesive makes the slip-fit joint air tight without applying the sealant.

Abstract: A controller identifies a condition of a hazardous internal short by comparing patterns of series element voltages to the last known balance condition of the series elements. If the loaded or resting voltage of one or more contiguous series elements uniformly drop from the previously known condition by an amount consistent with an over-current condition, an over-current internal short circuit fault is registered. The desired response is to prevent the affected series elements from heating to a hazardous temperature by summoning the maximum heat rejection capability of the system until the short ceases and the affected elements cool, the cooling function is no longer able to operate due to low voltage, or the affected series string has drained all of its energy through the short. Also includes are responses that allow the battery pack to continue to power the cooling system even though it may enter an over-discharged state.

Abstract: A controller identifies a condition of a hazardous internal short by comparing patterns of series element voltages to the last known balance condition of the series elements. If the loaded or resting voltage of one or more contiguous series elements uniformly drop from the previously known condition by an amount consistent with an over-current condition, an over-current internal short circuit fault is registered. The desired response is to prevent the affected series elements from heating to a hazardous temperature by summoning the maximum heat rejection capability of the system until the short ceases and the affected elements cool, the cooling function is no longer able to operate due to low voltage, or the affected series string has drained all of its energy through the short. Also includes are responses that allow the battery pack to continue to power the cooling system even though it may enter an over-discharged state.