Abstract: A computer-implemented method for monitoring and analyzing energy consumption of a chemical plant in operation. Plant type specific theoretical energy consumption optimum value based on a corresponding modeled plant are determined, parameters contributing to increased energy consumption are identified and grouped. Energy consumption of a plant is periodically graphed starting from the theoretical energy consumption optimum value and getting up as an energy cascade to a current energy consumption, by adding the provided, partly retrieved single energy consumption rates of the respective parameters in groups such that the resulting energy cascade allows to monitor at least a part of the individual parameters and to automatically compare the current energy consumption of the at least one plant with an energy consumption of another plant and/or with a previous energy consumption of the at least one plant with respect to the individual parameters. Furthermore, an appropriate system is provided.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for monitoring and analyzing energy consumption of at least one industrial building is provided, the method comprising determining a building type specific theoretical energy consumption optimum value (TEO) based on a corresponding modeled building, identifying and grouping parameters contributing to an increased energy consumption of the building due to an actual use of the building (CEC), due to intrinsic characteristics of the building (BEO), due to optimised designated operating conditions in an actual state of the building (OEO), respectively, providing energy contribution rates of the respective parameters, partly by an automatic, and whenever required, periodic retrieval, and periodically graphing the energy consumption of the at least one building via a bar graph starting from the building type specific theoretical energy consumption optimum value and arriving at a current energy consumption of the at least one building by adding the provided single energy consumption rat

Abstract: The present disclosure refers to a computer-implemented method for monitoring and analyzing energy consumption of at least one operated chemical plant, the method comprising determining a plant type specific theoretical energy consumption optimum value based on a corresponding modeled plant, identifying and grouping parameters contributing to an increased energy consumption of the plant due to processes running on the plant, due to internal characteristics of the plant, due to operating conditions of the plant, respectively, providing, such as partly automatically retrieving energy contribution rates of the respective parameters, and periodically graphing the energy consumption of the at least one plant via a bar graph starting from the theoretical energy consumption optimum value and getting up as an energy cascade to a current energy consumption of the at least one plant by adding the provided, partly retrieved single energy consumption rates of the respective parameters in groups such that the resulting en

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine by reaction of malonic ester with formamide and alkali metal alkoxide. The malonic ester is added alone or simultaneously with the total quantity or a portion of the formamide, in portions or continuously with monitoring of the temperature, to the alkali metal alkoxide prepared as a solution or suspension in an alcohol, alone or together with the total quantity or remaining quantity of the formamide. A temperature of from 102 to <120° C. is then set for from 10 to <60 minutes. The work-up after the holding time in said temperature range is then carried out by methods known per se.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine by reaction of malonic ester with formamide and alkali metal alkoxide. The malonic ester is added alone or simultaneously with the total quantity or a portion of the formamide, in portions or continuously with monitoring of the temperature, to the alkali metal alkoxide prepared as a solution or suspension in an alcohol, alone or together with the total quantity or remaining quantity of the formamide. A temperature of from 102 to <120° C. is then set for from 10 to <60 minutes. The work-up after the holding time in said temperature range is then carried out by methods known per se.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell for carrying out chemical reactions include an electrolyte chamber (2) with a fixed-bed electrode (2F), a gas chamber (1) filled with filling bodies (1F), a gas diffusion electrode with an ion-exchanging separator (3) applied on the electrolyte-chamber side. The ion-exchanging separator is applied onto the gas diffusion electrode by a method comprising a single or multiple application of a solution of an ion-exchanging material in a solvent onto the electrocatalytically active layer of the gas diffusion electrode and at least partial evaporation of the solvent after each coating. The electrolysis cell may be used for the oxidation and reduction of organic or inorganic components dissolved in the electrolyte.