Abstract: A magnet valve configured to control a fluid includes an armature with a base region, a casing region, and a head region. The magnet valve also includes a valve element that is connected to the armature and an armature housing component. A flow path is formed between the armature and the armature housing component. The flow path runs from a lower armature chamber to an upper armature chamber and back to the lower armature chamber. The head region of the armature has a flattened section, and the upper armature chamber is defined between the armature housing component and the flattened section. At least one groove is formed on the casing region of the armature starting from the base region. The at least one groove ends in the casing region before the flattened section of the head region.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas wherein the synthesis gas is fed to a reactor in which a catalyst acts on the feed at a temperature of between 160° C. and 400° C. and a pressure of between 1 bar and 5 bar. The feed includes a compound containing one or both nitrogen and phosphorus added to the reactor with the synthesis gas. The compound containing nitrogen typically constitutes at least 1 vol % and preferably of the order of 4 to 20 vol % or more of the feed. The carbonaceous gas may be carbon monoxide with a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas of from 0.5:1 to 5:1. The catalyst is preferably a supported cobalt catalyst and may be modified with a promoter. The process produces an enhanced proportion of olefins, in the hydrocarbons produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for the production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with nitric acid or mixtures of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give a crude nitrobenzene, washing of the crude nitrobenzene by means of at least one of each of an acid, alkaline and neutral washing, there being obtained a pre-purified nitrobenzene which, as well as containing nitrobenzene, at least contains also low boilers, optionally middle boilers as well as high boilers and salts, wherein the pre-purified nitrobenzene is purified further by separating off low boilers in a distillation apparatus by evaporation of the low boilers, and separation of nitrobenzene from the resulting further purified nitrobenzene in a distillation apparatus by partial evaporation of nitrobenzene, wherein pure nitrobenzene is removed from the distillation apparatus in gaseous form and is subsequently condensed, and wherein the non-evaporated portion of the further purified nitrobenzene is fed back into the washing a

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid under adiabatic conditions, in which unreacted benzene is separated from the crude product obtained after phase separation before washing thereof, using the adiabatic heat of reaction.

Abstract: A solenoid valve is disclosed that includes at least one chamber which can be filled with a fluid and which is provided in a housing of the solenoid valve, a closing piston which can be displaced by an actuation device and a spring element which can act against the actuation device. An annular element which divides the chamber into a first and a second sub-chamber is provided, said annular element being at least partially, in particular completely engaged in the axial direction by a closing piston of the solenoid valve arranged in a guide opening of the annular element and comprises at least one fluid passage recess which is different from the guide opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of isocyanates by reaction of the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, wherein a diluent containing between 90.0000% by weight and 99.9999% by weight of substances which are inert in the phosgenation process and between 0.0001% by weight and 10.0000% by weight of oxygen is present during the conversion of the amine into the gas phase and the molar ratio of amine to oxygen (O2) is ?1,000:1.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing metal-ceramic substrates that are metallized on both sides by using the direct bonding process. According to the method, at least one DCB stack made from first and a second metal layer and a ceramic layer located between said metal layers is formed on a separating layer of a support by heating to a direct bonding temperature. At least one of the metal layers rests against the separating layer during the bonding process, said separating layer being composed of a porous layer or coating made of a separating layer material from the group comprising mullite, Al2O3, TiO3, ZrO2, MgO, CaO CaCO2 or a mixture of at least two of said materials.

Abstract: Nitrobenzene is continuously produced by nitration of benzene with mixed acid under adiabatic conditions. In this process, the pressure upstream of the nitration reactor is from 14 bar to 40 bar above the pressure in the gas phase of the phase separation apparatus used to separate crude nitrobenzene and waste acid.

Abstract: A stripline antenna-coupler for a RFID system is provided. The coupler is configured to communicate with a targeted transponder from among a group of multiple adjacent transponders. The coupler may include at least two conductive strips, at least one terminating load, a dielectric material, a first ground plane, and a second ground plane. Each of the conductive strips extends between the first and second ground planes and the dielectric material from an input end connected to a transceiver to a loaded end connected to the terminating load. The conductive strips may be configured to propagate electromagnetic fields concentrated in a near field region of the conductive strips in a direction generally perpendicular to the conductive strips to couple with a targeted transponder. The coupler may include an enclosure for directing the electromagnetic fields. The conductive strip may have a tapered or non-linear profile such as a modified bow-tie profile.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes an armature which is arranged in the region of at least one magnetic coil. At least one radial recess extending essentially in the radial direction, traversing at least in parts the front surface of the armature is provided. A driver assistance device including said type of solenoid valve is also disclosed.

Abstract: A valve for controlling a fluid includes a valve seat and a closing body which has a spherical-cap-shaped end region and which is configured to open up and close off a passage at the valve seat. The closing body is rotatably mounted on a bearing and has at least one contouring formed on a surface of the closing body. The contouring is configured to set the closing body in rotation.

Abstract: A system (10) for supplying a liquid electrolyte to cell stacks (32) arranged at a plurality of different heights comprises a plurality of constant head supply tanks (12) for containing liquid electrolyte, one for each of the different heights. Each such supply tank (12) is adapted to ensure that the surface of the liquid electrolyte is at atmospheric pressure, and to feed electrolyte to a cell stack, and incorporates an overflow duct (18) to keep the electrolyte at a constant level. For each supply tank (12) except the lowest, the overflow duct (18) supplies overflowing electrolyte to a supply tank at a lower height. The system also includes an electrolyte storage tank (20), and means (24, 26) to supply electrolyte from the storage tank (20) to the highest supply tank (12).

Abstract: A document for personal identification, having a chip module including the following components: a chip and a leadframe, wherein the chip is connected to the leadframe, an outer cover, wherein the outer cover is connected to a transponder substrate. A first component of the chip module is connected to the outer cover and a second component of the chip module is connected to the transponder substrate in such a way that, in the case of separation of outer cover and transponder substrate, the first component of the chip module is separated from the second component of the chip module.

Abstract: A valve for controlling a fluid includes a closing body and a valve seat. The closing body opens and closes a passage at the valve seat along a sealing line. The valve seat and the closing body have a rotationally symmetrical region where the sealing line between the valve seat and closing body is formed. The valve seat and/or the closing body also has a nonrotationally symmetrical region, which adjoins the rotationally symmetrical region in a throughflow direction of the valve.

Abstract: A solenoid valve includes a housing which extends in the axial direction and has at least one axial section which is embodied as a circular hollow cylinder, and a solenoid armature which is removably guided in the housing along a cylinder inner wall in an axial direction along the longitudinal axis of said housing and the solenoid armature having a solenoid armature casing wall. At least one axial flow duct for a medium is located in the housing and is provided to permit a flow around the solenoid armature. The flow duct has a first and a second duct wall region, and the first duct wall region is formed by a section of the cylinder inner wall and the second duct wall region is formed by a section of the solenoid armature casing wall. The second duct wall region is embodied as a planar second duct wall region.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for writing data to a magnetic memory cell, such as a spin-torque transfer random access memory (STRAM) memory cell. In accordance with various embodiments, a write current is applied through a selected magnetic memory cell to initiate magnetic precession of the selected cell to a desired magnetic state. A field assist current is concurrently flowed through an adjacent memory cell to generate a magnetic field that assists in the precession of the selected cell to the desired magnetic state.

Abstract: Isocyanates are produced by reacting a primary amine with phosgene in the gas phase. In this process, the amine is vaporized and then superheated prior to introduction into the reactor. The amine is superheated to a temperature at least 10° C. above dew point before entry into the reactor. A pressure difference between the vaporizer and entry into the reactor of from 1 to 500 mbar is maintained.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a transponder inlay for a document for personal identification may include a cover; an adhesive layer arranged on the cover; a chip arranged on the adhesive layer; an antenna connected to the chip; and a top layer on the adhesive layer, wherein the top layer has a top and a bottom and wherein the bottom of the top layer is connected to the cover by means of the adhesive layer and wherein the antenna is arranged on the top of the top layer such that the antenna is at least to some extent physically separated from the adhesive layer by the top layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating wastewater containing nitroaromatics and nitrohydroxyaromatics, as for example arises in the production of nitroaromatics or in the production of nitrohydroxyaromatics, by a two-stage method consisting of pre-reduction and wet oxidation.

Abstract: A solenoid valve for controlling a fluid includes an armature having a base region, a lateral region and a head region. The solenoid valve includes a valve member connected to the armature. The solenoid valve further includes an armature casing component in which the armature is positioned. A flow path is formed between the armature and the armature casing component, the flow path extending from a lower armature space to an upper armature space and back to the lower armature space. A junction region is arranged between the head region and the lateral region. The junction region has at least one groove formed therein to facilitate an overflow between the lateral region and the head region.