Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I in which R1, A1, A2, Z1, Z2, X, a, b, L1, L2 and L3 are as defined herein, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal compounds of formula (I), where X1, X2, X3, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, L11 and a have the meanings given in claim 1, and liquid crystal media containing at least one compound of formula (I) and electro-optical displays comprising such a liquid crystal medium

Abstract: A control system for a regenerative thermal oxidizer in which contaminated air is first passed through a hot heat-exchange bed and into a communicating high temperature oxidation (combustion) chamber, and then through a relatively cool second heat exchange bed. The apparatus includes a number of internally insulated, ceramic filled heat recovery columns topped by an internally insulated combustion chamber. Contaminated air is directed into heat exchange media in one of said columns, and oxidation is completed as the flow passes through the combustion chamber. From the combustion chamber, the now clean air flows through another column containing heat exchange media, thereby storing heat in the media for use in a subsequent inlet cycle when the flow control valves reverse. The resulting clean air is directed via an outlet valve through an outlet manifold and released to atmosphere or is recirculated back to the oxidizer inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(alkylthio)carbenium salts of the formula I with the stated definitions for R1, R2, R3 and Y?, and to a process for the preparation thereof. The compounds according to the invention are advantageously suitable as electrophilic reagents for the transfer of fluorinated alkyl and acyl radicals onto nucleophilic compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid crystal compounds of formula (1), where X1, X2, X3, Z1, Z2, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, L11 and a have the meanings given in claim 1, and liquid crystal media containing at least one compound of formula (I) and electro-optical displays comprising such a liquid crystal medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(alkylthio)carbenium salts of the formula I 1

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I 1

Abstract: Integrated web dryer (10) and regenerative heat exchanger (20), as well as a method of drying a web of material using the same. The apparatus and method of the present invention provides for the heating (22) of air and the converting of VOC's to harmless gases in a fully integrated manner via the inclusion of a regenerative combustion device as an integral element of the drying apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorocyclohexane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which n, m, R.sup.1, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, A.sup.1 and Y are as defined above.

Abstract: Raw gas burner that maximizes fuel efficiency of the burner, minimizes residence time, and reduces or eliminates flame contact with the process air or gas in order to minimize NOx formation. Process air flow such as from the cold side of a heat exchanger associated with thermal oxidizer apparatus is directed into and around the burner. The amount of process air flowing into the burner is regulated based upon the pressure drop created by the burner assembly. The pressure drop is, in turn, regulated by one or more of an external damper assembly, an internal damper assembly, and movement of the burner relative to the apparatus in which it is mounted. To ensure thorough mixing of the fuel and process air, process air entering the burner is caused to spin by the use of a swirl generator. The fuel/process air mixture proceeds into the combustion section of the burner, where the swirling flow is caused to recirculate to ensure complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for burning combustible constituents in process gas in a main combustion enclosure, preferably a thermal post-combustion device, whereby the main combustion enclosure is separated from a combustion chamber, into which oxygenic gas and gaseous fuel are fed, mixed and burnt. The fuel for the apparatus is fed through a lance which opens into a mixing chamber supplied with oxygenic gas, which is either itself the combustion chamber or merges with it, and the outer surface of the combustion chamber is exposed at least partially to the process gas. The fuel is burned completely or nearly completely in the burner combustion chamber and the mixture of burned fuel and gas leaving the combustion chamber oxidizes the combustible constitutes in the process gas flowing outside of the combustion chamber by yielding flameless heat energy to them.

Abstract: Raw gas burner that maximizes fuel efficiency of the burner, minimizes residence time, and reduces or eliminates flame contact with the process air or gas in order to minimize NOx formation. Process air flow such as from the cold side of a heat exchanger associated with thermal oxidizer apparatus is directed into and around the burner. The amount of process air flowing into the burner is regulated based upon the pressure drop created by the burner assembly. The pressure drop is, in turn, regulated by one or more of an external damper assembly, an internal damper assembly, and movement of the burner relative to the apparatus in which it is mounted. To ensure thorough mixing of the fuel and process air, process air entering the burner is caused to spin by the use of a swirl generator. The fuel/process air mixture proceeds into the combustion section of the burner, where the swirling flow is caused to recirculate to ensure complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, comprising one or more compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R, A.sup.1,. A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m, n, L.sup.1, L 2 and L.sup.3 are as defined in claim 1.