Abstract: An engine includes an engine block having a cylinder, a piston movably disposed in a main chamber of the cylinder, a prechamber adjacent to and in fluid communication with the main chamber via a prechamber nozzle, and a fuel injector in fluid communication with the main chamber, wherein the fuel injector has spray nozzles interfacing with the main chamber. The fuel injector and the prechamber are aligned such that a first nozzle of the spray nozzles is directed towards the prechamber nozzle.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine includes operating the engine in first and second engine operating map regions by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a first stoichiometric fuel mixture and a first volume of residual gas. The engine is operated in a third engine operating map region by performing turbulent jet controlled compression ignition (TJCCI) with an ultra lean fuel mixture and a first volume of cooled exhaust gas recirculation, a fourth engine operating map region by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a third stoichiometric fuel mixture and a second volume of cooled exhaust gas recirculation, and a fifth engine operating map region, characterized by shutting off the engine. The engine is operated in a mode transition region between the second, third, and fourth engine operating map regions by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a second stoichiometric fuel mixture and a second volume of residual gas.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine includes operating the engine in first and second engine operating map regions by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a first stoichiometric fuel mixture and a first volume of residual gas. The engine is operated in a third engine operating map region by performing turbulent jet controlled compression ignition (TJCCI) with an ultra lean fuel mixture and a first volume of cooled exhaust gas recirculation, a fourth engine operating map region by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a third stoichiometric fuel mixture and a second volume of cooled exhaust gas recirculation, and a fifth engine operating map region, characterized by shutting off the engine. The engine is operated in a mode transition region between the second, third, and fourth engine operating map regions by performing passive jet ignition combustion with a second stoichiometric fuel mixture and a second volume of residual gas.

Abstract: A motor system includes an engine having one or more cylinders, an electronic control unit, an exhaust treatment system in fluid connection with and downstream of the one or more cylinders. The exhaust treatment system includes an exhaust line, a combustion zone downstream, a combustion ignition source in the combustion zone, a catalyst downstream of an in thermal communication with the combustion zone. A method of heating a catalyst during an engine cold start and a method of initiating regular operating conditions of an engine having one or more cylinders are also described.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine includes igniting a combustible mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine, which produces exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are ejected into an exhaust manifold of the engine to create a primary exhaust stream. A portion of the exhaust gases is separated from the primary exhaust stream to create a secondary exhaust stream. Air and fuel are then mixed with the secondary exhaust stream to form a reformer feed mixture. The reformer feed mixture is reacted in a catalytic reformer to create a reformate exhaust stream, which is then mixed with an intake air stream to create a mixed air stream. The mixed air stream is the fed to the combustion chamber of the engine as the combustible mixture.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine includes igniting a combustible mixture in a combustion chamber of the engine, which produces exhaust gases. The exhaust gases are ejected into an exhaust manifold of the engine to create a primary exhaust stream. A portion of the exhaust gases is separated from the primary exhaust stream to create a secondary exhaust stream. Air and fuel are then mixed with the secondary exhaust stream to form a reformer feed mixture. The reformer feed mixture is reacted in a catalytic reformer to create a reformate exhaust stream, which is then mixed with an intake air stream to create a mixed air stream. The mixed air stream is the fed to the combustion chamber of the engine as the combustible mixture.

Abstract: A method includes providing an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, a piston movably disposed in the combustion chamber, and a prechamber connected to the combustion chamber via a flow port. The method further includes forcing a gas mixture from the combustion chamber through a zeolite material to the prechamber using a compression stroke of the piston, where the zeolite material filters the gas mixture to provide an oxygen rich gas into the prechamber.

Abstract: A method includes providing an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber, a piston movably disposed in the combustion chamber, and a prechamber connected to the combustion chamber via a flow port. The method further includes forcing a gas mixture from the combustion chamber through a zeolite material to the prechamber using a compression stroke of the piston, where the zeolite material filters the gas mixture to provide an oxygen rich gas into the prechamber.

Abstract: The entertainment system of the preferred embodiment comprises a first vehicle including a user interface adapted to accept a vehicle input from a first user. The first vehicle further includes an event sensor adapted to sense a first trigger event, and a processor connected to the user interface and to the event sensor and adapted to operate in the following modes: normal mode and simulation mode. In the normal mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based substantially on the vehicle input from the first user. In the simulation mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based on a modification of the vehicle input from the first user according to a first rule, which simulates a first physical event.

Abstract: The entertainment system of the preferred embodiment comprises a first vehicle including a user interface adapted to accept a vehicle input from a first user. The first vehicle further includes an event sensor adapted to sense a first trigger event, and a processor connected to the user interface and to the event sensor and adapted to operate in the following modes: normal mode and simulation mode. In the normal mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based substantially on the vehicle input from the first user. In the simulation mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based on a modification of the vehicle input from the first user according to a first rule, which simulates a first physical event.

Abstract: The entertainment vehicle of the preferred embodiments includes a motor having an output torque, a gear selector that receives a gear selection amongst a number of simulated gear ratios, a sensor that senses the vehicle speed of the vehicle, and a processor that determines a simulated engine speed based on the gear selection and the sensed vehicle speed. The entertainment vehicle is preferably designed to simulate a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and multiple gear ratios. The entertainment vehicle, however, may be alternatively used in any suitable environment and for any suitable reason.

Abstract: A method of and system for directing targeted advertising or transmitting information to end users, using wireless or mobile media, including cellular media, is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method and system interconnects (a) advertisers or sponsors, (b) wireless device users (“system users”), and (c) wireless telecommunications companies (“telecoms”), via (d) an intermediary or “hub entity.” The hub entity maintains and controls computer operated software and data bases to direct specific advertising or information to targeted system users; collects subscription fees and distributes advertising fees; and determines the effectiveness of various advertising or information transmitted to specific system users. The method can further be customized for application as an information provider, alert notice or security warning system.

Abstract: The entertainment system of the preferred embodiment comprises a first vehicle including a user interface adapted to accept a vehicle input from a first user. The first vehicle further includes an event sensor adapted to sense a first trigger event, and a processor connected to the user interface and to the event sensor and adapted to operate in the following modes: normal mode and simulation mode. In the normal mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based substantially on the vehicle input from the first user. In the simulation mode, the processor controls the first vehicle based on a modification of the vehicle input from the first user according to a first rule, which simulates a first physical event.