Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode apparatus for operation with varying input electrical sources. The apparatus comprises an array of light emitting diodes to produce light, and a variable input power supply adapted to provide an electrical supply of predetermined value to the light emitting diodes from a varying electric signal provided by varying input electrical sources. In one embodiment, the light emitting diode apparatus is for use as a replacement of a fluorescent tube in an existing fluorescent fixture. In another embodiment, the light emitting diode apparatus is for use with connection to conventional AC voltage sources used throughout the world.

Abstract: There is provided a light emitting diode apparatus for operation with varying input electrical sources. The apparatus comprises an array of light emitting diodes to produce light, and a variable input power supply adapted to provide an electrical supply of predetermined value to the light emitting diodes from a varying electric signal provided by varying input electrical sources. In one embodiment, the light emitting diode apparatus is for use as a replacement of a fluorescent tube in an existing fluorescent fixture. In another embodiment, the light emitting diode apparatus is for use with connection to conventional AC voltage sources used throughout the world.

Abstract: A toroidal transformer core topology having improved thermal and electrical properties has a two part core, one part concentrically disposed within the other, with the windings wound between the two. Less expensive materials and less material can be used to construct the core. The core can be constructed using inexpensive and efficient methods.

Abstract: Biased core devices and method of use are disclosed in which magnetic core energy losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents are greatly reduced in comparison to the core losses in prior art transformers and inductive devices. The present invention sets forth a transformer or choke device in which permanent magnets are surrounded by electrical steel materials and may be held in place by pole pieces. The magnetic core transformer structure also permits a method of use in which current passing through the device is controlled by the field strength of the permanent magnets. In addition, the biased magnetic core transformer operation may be linear or non-linear, and placed in series or parallel within a circuit. The magnetic components disclosed in the present invention affords both energy loss reductions and size reductions in comparison to known prior art transformers.

Abstract: An electronic converter converts high-voltage AC power main voltage, such as 120V, 240V or 277V, to a low-voltage suitable for driving a halogen lamp. The converter includes a rectifier circuit, starter circuit, a driver circuit, a current sensing circuit and a transformer circuit with an optional synchronous output rectifier. The current sensing circuit senses an output current of the converter. The sensed current is used to govern pulse-width modulation of the lamp drive voltage, to provide over-voltage protection. Temperature protection can also be provided to reduce drive current when the converter overheats. This enables reliable operation of the converter over an extended temperature range, and reduces the occurrence of converter component failures due to ground faults or overheating.

Abstract: An electronic converter converts high-voltage AC power main voltage, such as 120V, 240V or 277V, to a low-voltage suitable for driving a halogen lamp. The converter includes a rectifier circuit, starter circuit, a driver circuit, a current sensing circuit and a transformer circuit. The current sensing circuit senses an output current of the converter. The sensed current is used to govern pulse-width modulation of the lamp drive voltage, to provide over-voltage protection. Temperature protection can also be provided to reduce drive current when the converter overheats. This enables reliable operation of the converter over an extended temperature range, and reduces the occurrence of converter component failures due to ground faults or overheating.

Abstract: An electronic converter converts high-voltage AC power main voltage, such as 120V, 240V or 277V, to a low-voltage suitable for driving a halogen lamp. The converter includes a rectifier circuit, starter circuit, a driver circuit, a current sensing circuit and a transformer circuit with an optional synchronous output rectifier. The current sensing circuit senses an output current of the converter. The sensed current is used to govern pulse-width modulation of the lamp drive voltage, to provide over-voltage protection. Temperature protection can also be provided to reduce drive current when the converter overheats. This enables reliable operation of the converter over an extended temperature range, and reduces the occurrence of converter component failures due to ground faults or overheating.

Abstract: An electronic converter converts high-voltage AC power main voltage, such as 120V, 240V or 277V, to a low-voltage suitable for driving a halogen lamp. The converter includes a rectifier circuit, starter circuit, a driver circuit, a current sensing circuit and a transformer circuit. The current sensing circuit senses an output current of the converter. The sensed current is used to govern pulse-width modulation of the lamp drive voltage, to provide over-voltage protection. Temperature protection can also be provided to reduce drive current when the converter overheats. This enables reliable operation of the converter over an extended temperature range, and reduces the occurrence of converter component failures due to ground faults or overheating.

Abstract: A power supply is disclosed which comprises a ferroresonant circuit, the ferroresonant circuit including a transformer with a core of magnetic material, a primary winding, a secondary winding, and reactive means coupled with at least one of the windings. The transformer also has at least one bias winding. An alternating voltage is applied to the ferroresonant circuit, the alternating voltage having a frequency that is approximately equal to a resonant frequency of the ferroresonant circuit. An output circuit is coupled to the secondary winding. A signal from the output circuit is applied as a feedback signal to the bias winding to control DC flux bias of the core. In an illustrated embodiment, the means for applying an alternating voltage signal to the ferroresonant circuit includes an oscillator for generating alternating voltage control signals, and a switching circuit responsive to an input power source for generating the alternating voltage signals under control of the oscillator.