Abstract: An augmented aerospike nozzle includes a throat, a centerbody extending aft of the throat, an inner expansion surface defined by the centerbody, an outer expansion surface outboard of the inner expansion surface, and an expansion cavity defined between the inner expansion surface and the outer expansion surface. An engine includes a high pressure chamber and the augmented aerospike nozzle. A vehicle for supersonic flight includes the engine with the augmented aerospike nozzle.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, devices, apparatus, media, design structures, and other implementations, including a method that includes receiving a signal for radio transmission, and configuring crest factor reduction (CFR) processing characteristics, at a wireless device, to apply to the received signal to modify one or more portions of the signal based on an asymmetrical spectral mask, representative of an asymmetric frequency envelope limiting allowed magnitudes for frequency components bounded by the asymmetrical spectral mask, with the asymmetrical spectral mask being defined based on spectral characteristics requirements specified by multiple regulatory radio frequency (RF) power requirements at frequencies affecting a frequency range of the asymmetrical spectral mask.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, devices, apparatus, media, design structures, and other implementations, including a method that includes receiving a signal for radio transmission, and configuring crest factor reduction (CFR) processing characteristics, at a wireless device, to apply to the received signal to modify one or more portions of the signal based on an asymmetrical spectral mask, representative of an asymmetric frequency envelope limiting allowed magnitudes for frequency components bounded by the asymmetrical spectral mask, with the asymmetrical spectral mask being defined based on spectral characteristics requirements specified by multiple regulatory radio frequency (RF) power requirements at frequencies affecting a frequency range of the asymmetrical spectral mask.

Abstract: A process to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones. The process involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones. The process involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

Abstract: A process to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

Abstract: A process to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones. The process involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

Abstract: An exchange trade fund comprising: an amount of currency, wherein the currency is deposited with one or more custodians in exchange for one or more creation units; wherein each creation unit represents a plurality of shares of the fund; and wherein each creation unit is redeemable for an amount of the currency equal to the net asset value of the creation unit plus interest and less fund expenses. Also disclosed is a closed end fund comprising: one or more currencies deposited in short-term bank instruments; and the distribution of shares of the fund to one or more investors, wherein the shares of the fund have a net asset value based on a combination of prices of the one or more currencies from a plurality of sources, and wherein interest earned on the short-term interest bearing instruments are paid out to the one or more investors as a dividend.

Abstract: Mass spectrometric techniques are provided for detecting the presence of parasites that accumulate unbound heme in red blood cells (including malaria parasites), based on the discovery that unbound heme can be detected and quantified using mass spectrometry. In one aspect of the invention, the method includes the steps of: obtaining a blood sample from the animal; preparing a test sample on a support from the blood sample, and inserting the support into a mass spectrometer for analysis. Next one obtains a mass spectrum of the test sample and determines whether the mass spectrum contains a mass/charge signature of unbound heme. If it is determined that the mass spectrum of the test sample shows the mass/charge signature of unbound heme, the animal is diagnosed as infected with malaria parasites.