Abstract: Oil-based functional fluid compositions formulated for use as automatic transmission fluid, fluid for a wet brake system, or a friction-depending lubricant are improved by including in the composition a minor amount of at least one alcohol or polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule. This results in a desirable increase in the dynamic and/or static coefficients of friction of automatic transmission or other frictional surfaces contacted by the composition. Preferred for this use is a composition formed by heating at least one ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group with a combination of at least (i) an inorganic acid of phosphorus, (ii) a boron compound, and (iii) a polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms, so that a liquid composition is formed. The boron compound and the inorganic phosphorus acid are preferably co-present during the heating.

Abstract: Oleaginous compositions and additive concentrates therefor having enhanced performance characteristics comprise a) at least one oil-soluble overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing detergent having a TBN of at least 200; and b) one or more oil-soluble boron-free additive compositions formed by heating (i) at least one boron-free oil-soluble ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group, with (ii) at least one inorganic phosphorus acid such that a liquid boron-free phosphorus-containing composition is formed.

Abstract: Multifunctional additives having a variety of advantageous properties are described. They are formed by a process which comprises heating concurrently or in any sequence a) an oil-soluble ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen with b) an alkoxylated alcohol of at least 8 carbon atoms c) a borating agent and optionally d) an inorganic oxyacid or anhydride of phosphorous. The reactants are in proportions on an active ingredient basis of about 0.03 to about 0.35 part by weight of b) per part by weight of a), and about 0.005 to about 0.06 part by weight of boron as c) per part by weight of a). The reaction temperature can range from about 50.degree. to about 150.degree. C. Water and/or solids present in the resultant mixture can be removed. Preferably, the optional phosphorous component is used in the formation of these additives. This phosphorous component can be an inorganic oxyacid or anhydride of phosphorous.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of reducing the copper corrosiveness of dihydrocarbyl polysulfides by treating them with an alkali metal-containing or alkaline earth metal-containing substance capable of dissolving elemental sulfur (e.g., sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, etc.). The process is conducted in a liquid reaction medium composed of a mixture of water and at least one water-soluble alcohol. Experiments have shown that it is possible by use of this process to reduce the copper corrosiveness to a level below that exhibited by a product formed by treating the same initial dihydrocarbyl polysulfide in the same way but in a liquid medium composed solely of water.

Abstract: Preconditioned automatic transmission fluids are made by using a preblend formed by heating an alkenyl succinimide or succinamide dispersant with a phosphorus ester and water to partially hydrolyze the ester and then mixing the preblend and other additives with a base oil.

Abstract: Oil-soluble reaction products of inorganic phosphorus containing acids or anhydrides with a boron compound and ashless dispersants such as alkenyl succinimides are useful as antiwear/EP additives in lubricants.

Abstract: A homogeneous concentrate suitable for use as an additive for lubricating oils is formed from a long chain succinimide and a benzotriazole by heating a mixture of these materials in the presence of water or alkoxylated amines or dihydrocarbylphosphites or dihydrocarbyl phosphonates (or mixtures of such materials) and then distilling the volatile component, from the resulting product. When this heating step is conducted in the additional presence of a boronating agent such as boric acid and the volatile component, is removed by distillation, not only is a compatible additive concentrate formed, but the long chain succinimide is boronated in the process.

Abstract: Improved durability of shift-feel frictional characteristics in automotive transmission fluids is achieved by use of an initially substantially inert (friction-wise) compound--viz., an aliphatic tertiary amine having one long chain and two short chain groups--incorporated into a formulation which is otherwise balanced for initially good shift-feel frictional properties. When the fluid is subjected to the oxidative and thermal degradation conditions encountered under normal service conditions, the friction modifiers that give the fluid good initial shift-feel frictional properties degrade. However, as this occurs the aliphatic tertiary amine has itself been transformed by a mechanism that activates it so that in its new form it acquires the ability to provide good shift-feel properties. Thus this additive serves as a time-activated or delayed action substitute for the friction modifiers that have been degraded during service.

Abstract: Catalytic process for the production of mercaptans by contacting unsaturated hydrocarbons with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin catalyst.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersancy is improved by adding to the oil a product made by grafting an N-allyl amide (e.g. N,N-diallyl formamide) to an olefin polymer having a molecular weight of about 500-500,000 (e.g. ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer).

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersant VI improvers are made by grafting maleic anhydride to an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin-non-conjugated diene terpolymer in a hydrogen-treated mineral oil solvent using a free radical and then reacting the grafted intermediate with an amine containing only one primary amine group, 1-6 amino nitrogen atoms and 20-36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A lubricating oil dispersant made by reacting an aldehyde (e.g. isobutyraldehyde) with an amine (e.g. tetraethylenepentamine) under conditions to form a Schiff base which is then reacted with a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid, anhydride or lower alkyl ester.

Abstract: Engine crankcase lubricating oil containing a dihydrocarbyl hydrocarbylphosphonate (e.g. diethyl octadecylphosphonate) exhibits reduced friction which results in an increase in gasoline mileage thus conserving energy.

Abstract: Friction of internal combustion engines is reduced by adding to the lubricating oil or fuel used in such engine a minor amount of a friction-reducing additive. The additive is the reaction product of a N-alkanol hydrocarbylamide such as N-ethanol oleamide with a boron compound such as boric acid.

Abstract: Engine fuel economy is improved by adding a friction-reducing amount of a N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide to the engine crankcase oil or fuel.

Abstract: Engine fuel economy is improved by adding a friction-reducing amount of a boronated N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbyl succinimide to the engine crankcase oil.