Abstract: The invention provides an isolated dehydrated corneal tissue, comprising a full thickness corneal stroma, and substantially all, or all, of the Bowman's membrane, wherein the stroma contains cellular material. Also provided is a method to product the tissue and uses of the tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preserved amniotic membrane, in particular a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane. It also relates to uses of vacuum-dried amniotic membrane and methods for making a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane. A method of processing an amniotic membrane to provide a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane, comprising the step of vacuum-drying the amniotic membrane Amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner most extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the foetus in a sac of amniotic fluid, functioning as a protective barrier to ascending infection and trauma during pregnancy.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for improving automated question-answering using real-world knowledge from a knowledge base. The system can be used to answer questions from various users. The system can generate answers to these questions using data stored in a knowledge base. In some embodiments, the system is provided with a list of questions separate from any user questions. The system can be trained using these questions in advance of a user question. The system can process the presented questions to determine that it can generate high-quality correct answers. The system can take various steps to determine a high-quality answer to a question. The system can utilize human intelligence providers to improve this process, such as through a human interactive task system. Human intelligence can be used to determine that a question is understood, that a question is answered, and that the answer is of high quality.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for improving automated question-answering using real-world knowledge from a knowledge base. The system can be used to answer questions from various users. The system can generate answers to these questions using data stored in a knowledge base. In some embodiments, the system is provided with a list of questions separate from any user questions. The system can be trained using these questions in advance of a user question. The system can process the presented questions to determine that it can generate high-quality correct answers. The system can take various steps to determine a high-quality answer to a question. The system can utilize human intelligence providers to improve this process, such as through a human interactive task system. Human intelligence can be used to determine that a question is understood, that a question is answered, and that the answer is of high quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preserved amniotic membrane, in particular a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane. It also relates to uses of vacuum-dried amniotic membrane and methods for making a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane. A method of processing an amniotic membrane to provide a vacuum-dried amniotic membrane,comprising the step of vacuum-drying the amniotic membrane Amniotic membrane (AM) is the inner most extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the foetus in a sac of amniotic fluid, functioning as a protective barrier to ascending infection and trauma during pregnancy.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of processing amniotic membrane to generate a substantially ‘growth factor free’ membrane (GFF-membrane), and to methods of processing GFF-membrane to generate membrane enriched with specific and quantified levels of growth factors or other desirable membrane enriching molecules or compounds (E-membrane). The invention extends to GFF-membrane per se and E-membrane enriched with specific and quantified membrane-enriching compounds per se. The method also includes first and second medical uses of GFF-membrane and E-membrane. The method also extends to clinical uses of the amniotic membrane spongy layer or components thereof.

Abstract: Acylated cellobiose compounds (CHME) which satisfy the formula; wherein X represents an acyl group (R—CO—) or H, Z represents an acyl group (R?—CO—) or H and not more than a minority of X+Z residues represent H, R represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched chain hydrocarbon residue of 5 to 31 carbon atoms and R? represents a residue, different from R, which is: (i) a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched chain hydrocarbon residue of 1 to 31 carbon atoms, or (ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon residue, or (iii) a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, each optionally substituted. CHME esters are particularly suited to thickening or structuring a water-immiscible liquid, for example, a phase in a cosmetic formulation, such as antiperspirant or deodorant formulations, eg water in oil emulsions and especially translucent ones.

Abstract: Fragranced cosmetic compositions having improved stability comprising a cosmetic active, especially an astringent antiperspirant salt dispersed in a water-immiscible carrier liquid that is gelled by a fragrance-sensitive fibre-forming gellant are obtained by selecting fragrances having a standard peak temperature depression (?TBS) of not more than 2 K, measured by differential calorimetry, ?TBS being the difference attributable to the addition of the fragrance (blend) to a standard test composition. Especially suitable cosmetic compositions comprise an aqueous emulsion of an aluminium or aluminium/zirconium halohydrate salt optionally further complexed, dispersed in a water-immiscible carrier that is gelled by cellobiose octanonanoate.

Abstract: A method of reducing dye loss during the laundry treatment of dyed fabrics using a laundry treatment composition comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible rebuild agent for deposition onto a fabric during a treatment process wherein the material undergoes during the treatment process, a chemical change by which change the affinity of the material for the fabric is increased.

Abstract: A water-soluble or water-dispersible material for deposition onto a substrate during a treatment process, the material comprising: (i) a deposition enhancing part having a polymeric backbone; and (ii) a benefit agent attached to the deposition enhancing part by a hydrolytically stable bond; The material undergoes during the treatment process, a chemical change which does not involve the hydrolytically stable bond and by which change the affinity of the material onto the substrate is increased.

Abstract: Cellobiose esters and particularly &agr; cellobiose octanonanoate has been found able to structure water-immiscible liquids well, and in particular can produce clear structured emulsions. However, such emulsions tend to lose clarity or structural strength during storage. Deviating from &agr;-cellobiose octanonanoate can result in impaired clarity and/or impaired hardness of emulsion sticks. However, acylated cellobiose which contains acyl substituents of formula —O—CO—R in which R represents an n-octyl residue and the percentage Y of the nonanoate acyl substituent —O—CO—R at the anomeric carbon is at least 60% and the percentage A of &agr; anomer is greater than the anomer and not higher than A=74.5 +0.2Y when Y is up to 92% and not higher than A=161−0.74Y when Y is greater than 92% offers the production of sticks combining structurant stability with product clarity and hardness.

Abstract: A method of reducing dye loss during the laundry treatment of dyed fabrics using a laundry treatment composition comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible rebuild agent for deposition onto a fabric during a treatment process wherein the material undergoes during the treatment process, a chemical change by which change the affinity of the material for the fabric is increased.

Abstract: A laundry treatment composition comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible rebuild agent for deposition onto a fabric during a treatment process wherein the material undergoes during the treatment process, a chemical change by which change the affinity of the material for the fabric is increased.

Abstract: A fabric rebuild polymer comprising a cellulose or other &bgr;-1,4 linked polysaccharide backbone with acetate groups pendant thereto, the average degree of substitution of acetate groups on the saccharide groups of the backbone being 0.55-0.70, with a molecular weight in the range 12,000-20,000 gives particularly effective fabric rebuild effect in a laundry treatment process at a pH in the range 9.5-11.0.

Abstract: Laundry treatment compositions, especially detergent compositions or rinse conditioners, which deposit cellulosic polymers or related polysaccharide fabric rebuild agents onto textile fabrics are described. Such agents are used for laundering cellulosic fabrics such as cotton, to compensate for gradual loss of fibrous material on repeated washing. Preferred rebuild agents are cellulose monoacetate, cellulose hemisuccinate and other cellulose esters.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition contains a water-immiscible carrier liquid and a structurant therefor which is effective to gel the composition upon cooling from a temperature at which the structurant is a mobile solution in the carrier liquid. The carrier liquid may serve as a continuous phase in which a solid or liquid disperse phase is suspended. The structurant is a fully or partially esterified saccharide which contains no more than eight monosaccharide residues and has an enthalpy of gelation in the carrier liquid with a magnitude of at least 45 kJ/mole. This minimum enthalpy of gelation facilitates processing at conveniently accessible temperatures and promotes stability.

Abstract: A fiber rebuild polymer comprising a cellulose or other &bgr;-1,4 linked polysaccharide backbone with acetate groups pendant thereto, the average degree of substitution of acetate groups on the saccharide groups of the backbone being 0.55-0.70, is used to inhibit wrinkling and improve ironability of cloth during a laundry process.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition is a structured emulsion of a continuous phase containing water-immiscible liquid carrier plus a structurant, and a disperse phase which is a solution of antiperspirant active in a more polar, probably aqueous, solvent. The structurant is a material which forms a network of fibers in the continuous phase, thereby gelling it. The structurant has an enthalpy of gelation in the carrier liquid or a test liquid with a magnitude of at least 30 kJ/mole. This minimum enthalpy of gelation facilitates processing at conveniently accessible temperatures and promotes stability.

Abstract: Cellobiose esters and particularly &agr; cellobiose octanonanoate has been found able to structure water-immiscible liquids well, and in particular can produce clear structured emulsions. However, such emulsions tend to lose clarity or structural strength during storage. Deviating from &agr;-cellobiose octanonanoate can result in impaired clarity and/or impaired hardness of emulsion sticks.

Abstract: Acylated cellobiose compounds (CHME) which satisfy the formula; 1