Abstract: This invention pertains to the surprising discovery of novel compositions and methods which selectively treat chronic pain while not significantly affecting basal nociceptive, acute pain, responses. The invention provides for compositions and methods of treating chronic pain by administering beta-endorphin-expressing recombinant expression systems such as adenovirus or adeno-associated virus into a subarachnoid or epidural space. The recombinant virus infects the pia mater connectve tissue cells and the infected cells express the fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein is secreted into the spinal cord parenchymal tissue in an amount effective to treat the chronic pain but not significantly affecting basal nociceptive responses.

Abstract: An intravenous drip rate control device includes a trough in the rear face of the housing for receiving intravenous tubing. The intravenous tubing is placed within the trough between and in functional communication with a pair of resilient bands. A cam driven by a reversible DC motor moves a lever between a first and second position. In the first position, a blade extending upwardly from the lever is capable of contacting and engaging the tubing and restricting the tubing opening. A tubing door is pivotable about the rear face of the housing between an open and closed position. In the closed position, a plastic material layer extending downwardly from the tubing door contacts and engages the tubing to restrict the tube opening and also provides support for the tubing when the blade applies an upward force on the tubing. The resilient bands ensure minimal "plastic flow" of the tubing and constantly resist the tendency of the side walls of the tubing to extend out and thus the tubing to flatten out.