Abstract: An endoscope may include a shaft having a longitudinal axis, a first image sensor facing a distal direction, and a second image sensor facing a lateral direction. The endoscope may further include a tubular member having a lumen, the lumen having a distal-end opening and defining a longitudinal axis through a center of the lumen. The tubular member may be movable between a first configuration and a second configuration. In the first configuration of the tubular member, the longitudinal axis of the lumen may be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. In the second configuration of the tubular member, the longitudinal axis of the lumen may extend through a lateral opening in a wall of the shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a thermal actuator switch configured to control a transfer of thermal energy through the thermal actuator switch. The thermal actuator switch includes first and second plates and a piston movable laterally between the first and second plates. The thermal actuator switch also includes a phase change material configured to (i) expand to move a surface of the piston into a first position and (ii) contract to allow the surface of the piston to move into a second position. The surface of the piston thermally contacts the first plate and increases thermal energy transfer between the first and second plates when in one of the first and second positions. The surface of the piston is spaced apart from the first plate and decreases thermal energy transfer between the first and second plates when in another of the first and second positions.

Abstract: A medical diagnostic ultrasound system comprises several subsystems, such as a transmit beamformer, a receive beamformer, a B-mode processor, a Doppler processor and a scan converter. These subsystems are within the ultrasound data processing path for processing ultrasound data. One or more of these subsystems are implemented with one or more re-programmable logic devices. For example, one or two field programmable gate arrays are used is each subsystem to perform most or almost all of the subsystems essential functionality.

Abstract: A portable medical diagnostic ultrasound system is provided which includes shielding for electromagnetic interference by forming shielded enclosed compartments around the individual components of the ultrasound system. This compartmentalization of components isolates EMI between the components themselves as well as the outside world. Further, the EMI shielding provides structural rigidity and support for the entire ultrasound system. In another aspect, the EMI shielding provides heat dissipation capability for the internal components of the ultrasound system. The portable medical diagnostic ultrasound system further provides a transducer connector which provides high density interconnects between the transducer and the ultrasound system while providing an ergonomically easy to handle connector. Further, the connector is rugged, providing a high number of connection and disconnection cycles.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein relate to a medical diagnostic ultrasound imaging system with at least one reprogrammable logic device, such as, for example, a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”). In one presently preferred embodiment, at least one reprogrammable logic device in the ultrasound system is reconfigured for probe changes (e.g., phased-array, curved array), for operator control changes (such as system mode changes, e.g., B-Mode, color Doppler), and/or dynamically as part of system operation (such as between ultrasonic pulse firings and/or between frames). By utilizing at least one reprogrammable logic device, the preferred embodiments reduce the size and cost of the ultrasound system without compromising the performance characteristics of the system.

Abstract: A medical diagnostic ultrasound receive beamformer includes an upsampler upstream of a time delay device and a summer, and a smoothing filter downstream of the time delay device and the summer. The receive beamformer is automatically programmed into a gate array as a single-beam, dynamic-focus receive beamformer when the user selects B-mode and as a dual-beam, fixed-focus receive beamformer when the user selects color flow mode.

Abstract: A medical diagnostic ultrasound system is provided which is portable and capable of being carried by a built in handle from location to location by single person. The system is provided in a package which is both light and compact. Further, a medical diagnostic ultrasound system is provide in which the circuitry of the ultrasound system is distributed among several circuit boards which are interconnected directly with one another without the use of a backplane or motherboard.

Abstract: A scheme is provided for locating the time of occurrence of a predetermined event in a physiologic cycle associated with an anatomical object of a subject's body. Echoes produced from transmission of ultrasound energy into the anatomical object are processed by an image frame acquisition device to produce a series of image frames. Each image frame includes data representing an image of at least a portion of the anatomical object at a given time. Then, the difference is determined between the current image frame and at least one preceding image frame. A frame correlation coefficient is output based upon the difference. The time of occurrence is located at the instance of time when the frame correlation coefficient falls below a predetermined value, or when the rate of change of the frame correlation coefficient exceeds a predetermined value. The physiologic cycle may be the heart cycle and the predetermined event may be the QRS trigger of an electrocardiogram.

Abstract: Speckle is reduced in full motion ultrasound image data representing anatomic structures which have periodic physiological motion. Echoes produced from transmission of ultrasound energy into a subject's body are processed by an image frame acquisition device to produce a series of image frames for each physiologic cycle. Each image frame comprises data representing an image of a portion of the subject's body at a given time within the cycle. Successive image frames obtained at the same point in time within each physiologic cycle are filtered. The filtering is applied to each image frame within the entire current physiologic cycle, thereby deriving full motion speckle-reduced image data.

Abstract: Ultrasound imaging data is collected at an adjustable collection image frame rate. Echoes produced from transmission of ultrasound energy into a subject's body are processed by an image frame acquisition device to produce a series of image frames. Each image frame comprises data representing an image of a portion of the subject's body at a given time. The image frames include collection image frames and interrogation image frames. The interrogation image frames are for sampling the subject's body between collection of at least some collection image frames. The difference between the current image frame and at least one preceding image frame is determined and a frame correlation coefficient is output based upon the difference. The collection image frame rate of the image frame acquisition device is adjusted in inverse proportion to the most recent frame correlation coefficient.

Abstract: Ultrasound imaging data obtained from anatomic structures which have periodic physiologic motion that define successive physiologic cycles is packaged into image loops. Each image loop includes frame data representing a plurality of image frames acquired at spaced time intervals within a physiologic cycle. The image loops may be transmitted to a remote location for playback in real-time or pseudo real-time. Also provided is a scheme for increasing the effective acquisition frame rate in a medical ultrasound imaging system which acquires imaging data of an anatomic structure having periodic physiologic motion that defines successive physiologic cycles.