Abstract: An audio device with a body configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, wherein the body is configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at two separate spaced contact locations, and wherein the body is compliant at a body portion that defines one of the contact locations. The device also has an acoustic module carried by the body and configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly of and proximate the user's ear canal opening when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture to determine connectivity are disclosed. An example method includes identifying a radio network controller serving a NodeB, identifying a first connection between the NodeB and an integrated access device, identifying a virtual circuit communicatively coupling the integrated access device and a mobile service node, identifying a second connection between the integrated access device and network termination equipment, identifying a third connection between the network termination equipment and an Ethernet aggregation node, identifying, with the processor, that a pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB includes the first, second, and third connections, and storing the pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture to determine connectivity are disclosed. An example method includes identifying a radio network controller serving a NodeB, identifying a first connection between the NodeB and an integrated access device, identifying a virtual circuit communicatively coupling the integrated access device and a mobile service node, identifying a second connection between the integrated access device and network termination equipment, identifying a third connection between the network termination equipment and an Ethernet aggregation node, identifying, with the processor, that a pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB includes the first, second, and third connections, and storing the pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture to determine connectivity are disclosed. An example method includes identifying, with a processor, a radio network controller serving a NodeB based on a configuration of the NodeB; identifying, with the processor, a set of intermediate nodes forming a pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB; and storing the pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB based on the radio network controller and the intermediate nodes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture to determine connectivity are disclosed. An example method includes identifying, with a processor, a radio network controller serving a NodeB based on a configuration of the NodeB; identifying, with the processor, a set of intermediate nodes forming a pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB; and storing the pathway between the radio network controller and the NodeB based on the radio network controller and the intermediate nodes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rerouting connections in a data communication network based on detection of faults or other undesirable characteristics using a user connection monitoring function is presented. After a connection is established that is managed by a control plane, the status of characteristics of the connection is monitored using a user connection monitoring function. In one embodiment, the user connection monitoring function includes the use of operation and management (OAM) cells. When the status of one or more of the selected characteristics being monitored is determined to be unacceptable, control plane rerouting of the connection is initiated. Selected characteristics that may be monitored using the user connection monitoring function include, for example, continuity, data corruption, data loss, latency, and misinsertion of data. The reroute initiated in response to the unacceptable characteristic may be a hard reroute or a soft reroute.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a membrane switch may include a flexible light guide having a first refractive index. The flexible light guide may include a first wall, an opposing second wall, and one or more additional walls. One or more of the first wall, the second wall and the additional walls may be disposed adjacent to a substance including a second refractive index that is lower than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A system according to some embodiments may include a treatment head to emit a megavoltage radiation beam toward a volume, a plurality of X-ray sources to emit a respective kilovoltage radiation beam toward the volume while the plurality of X-ray sources are substantially stationary with respect to the volume, a detector to receive the plurality of kilovoltage radiation beams after having passed through the volume, and a processor to generate a three-dimensional image of the volume based only on the plurality of kilovoltage radiation beams received by the detector while the plurality of X-ray sources were substantially stationary with respect to the volume.

Abstract: A switch has multiple movable contacts, such as snap domes, positioned in a stacked relationship with each other. The stacked relationship may be such that the apexes of each dome point in the same orientation, or the apexes may be in an opposite orientation so that they point toward or away from each other. When the switch is initially depressed, one of the contacts forms a first electrical connection. When the switch is further depressed, a second one of the contacts forms a second electrical connection. Alternatively, multiple moveable contacts are positioned on the same plane under a single bubble of a carrier sheet. Multiple actuating elements may depress each of the domes. Adjacent domes may share common conductive traces.

Abstract: A moveable contact body that includes a carrier sheet, a moveable contact, and an adhesive layer on at least a portion of a lower surface of the carrier sheet and an upper surface of the moveable contact. The adhesive layer may be water soluble or viscoelastic. A viscoelastic material may be positioned on an upper surface of the carrier film. At least a periphery of the moveable contact may be a rolled foot. Another embodiment may be a membrane switch including a carrier sheet, a moveable contact and an electrical contact having a central stationary damping conductive pill.

Abstract: A system according to some embodiments may include a treatment head to emit a megavoltage radiation beam toward a volume, a plurality of X-ray sources to emit a respective kilovoltage radiation beam toward the volume while the plurality of X-ray sources are substantially stationary with respect to the volume, a detector to receive the plurality of kilovoltage radiation beams after having passed through the volume, and a processor to generate a three-dimensional image of the volume based only on the plurality of kilovoltage radiation beams received by the detector while the plurality of X-ray sources were substantially stationary with respect to the volume.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a membrane switch may include a flexible light guide having a first refractive index. The flexible light guide may include a first wall, an opposing second wall, and one or more additional walls. One or more of the first wall, the second wall and the additional walls may be disposed adjacent to a substance including a second refractive index that is lower than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rerouting connections in a data communication network based on detection of faults or other undesirable characteristics using a user connection monitoring function is presented. After a connection is established that is managed by a control plane, the status of characteristics of the connection is monitored using a user connection monitoring function. In one embodiment, the user connection monitoring function includes the use of operation and management (OAM) cells. When the status of one or more of the selected characteristics being monitored is determined to be unacceptable, control plane rerouting of the connection is initiated. Selected characteristics that may be monitored using the user connection monitoring function include, for example, continuity, data corruption, data loss, latency, and misinsertion of data. The reroute initiated in response to the unacceptable characteristic may be a hard reroute or a soft reroute.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device for use in spraying inter alia personal care and personal hygiene products comprises an outlet (94) from which the product issues in the form of an electrostatically charged spray and a control member (60, 60a) for attenuating the potential gradient in the vicinity of the outlet (94) to such an extent that spraying is suppressed until the device is brought to within a predetermined distance from a site to be spayed.

Abstract: A method and device (20) for spraying particulate materials in which a high voltage is applied to a mass of the particulate material so as to cause particles to issue from the mass. High voltage from a source (16) is applied to a mass of material (36) stored in a container. A surface of the mass (36) is exposed to the surroundings and the applied voltage is conducted through the bulk material to particles located at the exposed surface which are thereby projected as an electrically charged spray from the mass under the influence of the electric field substantially without any accompanying corona discharge.

Abstract: A high voltage generator is provided for use in applications where current demand is low but a high voltage is required. The generator comprises an array of photosensitive elements, such as an array of photovoltaic elements produced by laser scribing or etching of a wafer of material conventionally used for solar cells, the number of elements employed and their interconnection being such that a high voltage output of at least 1 kV is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic spraying device which includes a primary charge return path between the device and the target to be sprayed and circuitry for warning the operator of potentially hazardous spraying conditions. More particularly, the present invention includes circuitry for warning the operator of conditions wherein the primary charge path is inadequate and other conditions in which the return of spray current via the primary charge path is affected.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device is disclosed having a container (16) for the liquid to be sprayed and a capillary structure (22) extending into the container. To maintain a substantially constant liquid level at the location where liquid is drawn into the capillary structure, the container is partitioned into two chambers, one (68) of which is isolated from atmosphere and the other (66) of which is in communication with atmosphere. The capillary structure (22) extends through one chamber and the arrangement is such that the liquid level at the location where the capillary structure communicates with the liquid is maintained substantially constant over a wide range of variation of the liquid level within the other chamber. The upper end of the capillary structure may be provided with an oblique end face (50; 70, 72) to facilitate dispersal of the spray into the surroundings.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device for spraying liquids comprises a hollow capillary structure having a convoluted inner surface, one end of which contacts a reservoir of an electrostatically sprayable liquid preferably having a viscosity from 1 to 20.times.10.sup.-6 m.sup.2 /s and a volume resistivity from 2.5.times.10.sup.6 to 5.times.10.sup.8 ohm cm, the other end of which terminates in an atomization tip, and means for applying high voltage to the liquid in order to cause the liquid at the atomization tip to break up into a plurality of electrostatically charged droplets. Cartridges for use in the electrostatic spraying device are also described.

Abstract: An electrostatic spraying device for use in spraying liquids having resistivities of the order of 5.times.10.sup.6 ohm.multidot.cm and viscosities of the order of 1 Poise at a spraying rate up to at least 4 cc/min (especially paint formulations) is provided with an annular shroud (112) of semi-insulating material (e.g. bulk resistivity of the order of 10.sup.11 to 10.sup.12 ohm.multidot.cm) which is electrically connected to a high voltage generator (126) for supplying high voltage to liquid emerging at the outlet of the nozzle (114). In this way, a voltage is established on the annular electrode (126) which is of the same polarity, and substantially the same magnitude, as the voltage applied to the liquid thereby modifying the potential gradient in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle outlet so as to allow the use of the high voltage needed to effect efficient spraying of liquids having the specified resistivity and viscosity at flow rates up to at least 4 cc/min.