Abstract: Compositional program content is compiled to statements of an imperative application interface in manners that optimize execution and/or resource utilization, among other things. In one instance, a constructor is employed in a manner that obviates a need for extensive memory allocation and parameter copying. Names and namespaces are also cached to avoid expensive table lookup, and redundant namespace declarations are removed and/or moved statically and/or dynamically.

Abstract: A special syntax is developed to differentiate between accesses to a primary and one or more secondary object protocols in a programming language. The syntax allows the compiler to differentiate between the primary and secondary object model based on syntax, rather than type. The syntax is created in such a way as to approximate the syntax of the secondary object model, and allows the user to dynamically generate member names.

Abstract: A level assembly for a wading rod used to measure current flow velocity of a wadable body of water, such as a stream or a river. The level assembly includes a level body that is attached to the hexagonal or depth rod of the wading rod at a desired position using a fastener. The level body has a level indicator to determine whether the wading rod is plumb. An alignment bar is attached to the level body and positioned parallel to a wading tagline to aid in maintaining a perpendicular orientation of the wading rod. The level assembly can be repositioned by loosening the fastener, sliding it up or down the depth rod, and re-tightening the fastener at another desired position. The level assembly is used to maintain a level and perpendicular orientation of the top setting wading rod to the tagline, enabling more accurate flow velocity measurements.

Abstract: A tool incorporating a device that generates a light line on a work surface such as a wall is disclosed. The device includes a housing containing a self-leveling pendulum assembly and a light source that directs a light beam along a pathway. A redirection assembly, also contained in the housing, is capable of altering the pathway of the light beam prior to exiting the housing. In use, the device selectively generates a light line on the work surface in a desired direction.

Abstract: A device that generates a light line on a work surface such as a wall is disclosed. The device includes a housing containing a self-leveling pendulum assembly and a light source that directs a light beam along a pathway. A redirection assembly, also contained in the housing, is capable of altering the pathway of the light beam prior to exiting the housing. The device may further include a measuring tool responsive to rotation of the housing on the work surface. In use, the device selectively generates a light line on the work surface in a desired direction.

Abstract: A special syntax is developed to differentiate between accesses to a primary and one or more secondary object protocols in a programming language. The syntax allows the compiler to differentiate between the primary and secondary object model based on syntax, rather than type. The syntax is created in such a way as to approximate the syntax of the secondary object model, and allows the user to dynamically generate member names.

Abstract: A system for managing data element names, comprises a parent table for listing names of data elements that is constrained such that the parent table cannot grow beyond a first predetermined size. The system also includes a child table for listing names of data elements that is derived from the parent table and that is constrained such that the child table cannot grow beyond a second predetermined size. Methods for using the system are also provided.

Abstract: An architecture that leverages support for markup language operations, e.g., extensible markup language (XML) queries, via a lightweight application program interface (API). The API defines an object model that can simplify construction of XML values in languages that do not natively support XML. The novel aspects of the described innovation can enable query languages to be factored into general operations (e.g., mapping, filtering, sorting, and/or projection of functions) on collections on one hand, and a set of domain specific operations (e.g., navigation, construction and modification) on the elements of these collections on another hand. The subject API can support creation of XML data that is node centric (e.g., context-free). Accordingly, nodes do not have to be constructed within the context of a document. Additionally, aspects can enable expression-oriented interface mechanisms as opposed to the imperative statement-oriented style interfaces used in connection with traditional interface mechanisms (e.

Abstract: An e-learning system provides learning content and interactive learning games to users using computer systems and voice-over IP (VOIP) telephones and other devices. The e-learning system includes an authoring system allowing the creation of customized learning content and interactive learning games. A content presentation module presents learning content to users of computers and VOIP telephones and other devices. A data collection module receives user data from the VOIP device indicating the user's performance with the interactive games. In a further embodiment, a user data presentation module analyzes the user data and presents a report including user data. The interactive learning games are designed to reinforce and measure users' understanding of the instructional content provided by the content presentation module. In some applications, the learning content pertains to functions of the VOIP device and the interactive learning games simulate the functions of the VOIP device.

Abstract: An e-learning system provides learning content and interactive learning games to users using computer. The e-learning system includes an authoring system allowing the creation of customized learning content and interactive learning games. A content presentation module presents learning content to users. A data collection module receives user data indicating the user's performance with the interactive games. A user data presentation module analyzes the user data and presents a report including user data. The data presentation module may also present rankings of user data for interactive games. The interactive learning games are designed to reinforce and measure users' understanding of the instructional content provided by the content presentation module. While playing interactive games, access to corresponding instructional material can be enabled to enhance users' retention or disabled to assess users' knowledge.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a system and method of incorporating collation information into data types. In particular, the subject invention provides for parameterizing data types with collation information such that a comparison between two different collations generates a static-type error rather than a run-time error. Additionally, the invention affords for conveniently working with localized data types to allow generic parameterization over collations as well as ordinary types. In the context of strings, the present invention enables concurrent use of strings in multiple languages and facilitates the correct handling thereof.

Abstract: An optimizer/normalizer is used to generate optimized intermediate language representation of an input query, such as an XML input query. A method of optimization of an input query in intermediate language form includes receiving the input query, examining the nodes in a left-depth first manner to identify code patterns and node types which are subjects for optimization, tagging the identified code patterns until the intermediate language representation of the input query has been examined in its entirety, searching from the top of the intermediate language representation for tagged code patterns, and adjusting the tagged code patterns with improved code patterns to form an optimal representation for an input query. The input to the optimizer/normalizer is assumed to be an input query transformed into an intermediate language representation containing code patterns and nodes, each node having a respective node type.

Abstract: A method of refining magma, which includes silicon carbide, basaltic clay, and other insoluble components, including the steps of blending the magma with monovalent alkali hydroxides and a chemical oxidizing agent, melting the magma, and injecting oxygen into the melted magma. The melted magma is electrolyzed to separate metals contained in the melt, which are recovered by gravity separation followed by centrifugation. Soluble silicates are recovered by crystallization.