Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cooling system having a coolant delivery matrix, such as for providing a two phase (vapour) cooling system for the engine. The coolant delivery matrix is configured for location in a cylinder block of an engine housing of the internal combustion engine. The coolant delivery matrix includes a manifold and a plurality of pipes extending from the manifold. The coolant delivery matrix is further configured to locate around at least one cylinder in the cylinder block, and each of the plurality of pipes has at least one aperture being directed to spray liquid coolant at a wall of the at least one cylinder.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine including an exhaust arrangement comprises a first exhaust duct and a second exhaust duct. A valve arrangement preferably comprising separate first and second exhaust valves associated with each cylinder, to selectively direct exhaust from engine to the first exhaust duct during a first exhaust period, and to the second exhaust duct during a subsequent second exhaust period. A turbine having an inlet is connected to the first exhaust duct; and a compressor drivingly connected to and driven by the turbine, has an inlet connected to second duct. The compressor, driven by the turbine extracting energy from the exhaust, reduces the back pressure in the exhaust system reducing pumping losses, with the second duct bypassing the turbine in the second exhaust period such that the turbine also does not increase the exhaust back pressure at least during the main second exhaust phase.

Abstract: An exhaust arrangement (16) for an internal combustion engine (10). An internal combustion engine (10) including such an exhaust arrangement (16) comprises a first exhaust duct (18) and a second exhaust duct (20) for the exhaust flow from the engine. A valve arrangement is provided, preferably comprising separate first and second exhaust valves (22,24) associated with each cylinder (12) of the internal combustion engine (10), to selectively direct exhaust from the engine (10) to the first exhaust duct (18) during a first exhaust period, and to the second exhaust duct (20) during a subsequent second exhaust period. A turbine (28) having an inlet (26) is connected to the first exhaust duct (18); and a compressor (32) drivingly connected to and driven by the turbine (28) has an inlet (34) connected to second duct (20).