Abstract: Miniaturized DNA microarrays are described to be used in conjunction with microfluidic channels or microcentrifuge tubes and microcentrifuge filters to reduce sample size, incubation time and to increase overall binding efficiency.

Abstract: Miniaturized DNA microarrays are described to be used in conjunction with microfluidic channels or microcentrifuge tubes and microcentrifuge filters to reduce sample size, incubation time and to increase overall binding efficiency.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for optically-verified, sequence-controlled polymer synthesis are described.

Abstract: Methods of detecting unknown genetic modifications in a DNA sample from an organism are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for optically-verified, sequence-controlled polymer synthesis are described.

Abstract: Described herein are genetically-engineered organisms comprising synthetic operons for the production of isoprenoids, carotenoids, and retinoids, optimized for use in a hydrocarbonoclastic organism, and methods for the synthesis and extraction of isoprenoids in a biofilm bioreactor comprising the genetically-engineered organisms.

Abstract: A well reader and actuator (100) for a well array (50) has an array of detectors, each detector for detecting a fluorescence signal from fluorophores in a respective well of the well array and an excitation subsystem for exciting the fluorophores in the wells of the well array. Embodiments of this invention can be used to carry out two important functions in a highly parallel manner: by addressing individual wells in a 32, 96, 384 etc. well array, where each well contains a potential chemical or biological reaction. The two functions are: 1) through thermal, optical or other means and combinations thereof the rate of a chemical or biological reaction is controlled or gated (e.g. colder wells inhibit a reaction, or an enzymatic reaction requires blue light to proceed); and 2) through use of fluorescent species that are sensitive to the target reaction—or reactions—an optical readout of fluorescent intensity and/or lifetime is tracked to monitor the evolution of the reaction.

Abstract: Miniaturized DNA microarrays are described to be used in conjunction with microfluidic channels or microcentrifuge tubes and microcentrifuge filters to reduce sample size, incubation time and to increase overall binding efficiency.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed to chemical and biological molecule sensing devices, methods of fabricating the chemical sensor devices, and methods of using those devices to detect chemical and biological molecules. The chemical sensor device may comprise a chemically-sensitive vertical slit field effect transistor (VeSFET) with a chemical recognition element attached to a gate structure and/or a channel of the VeSFET. The recognition element may be capable of binding to a chemical of interest such that the binding of the chemical to the recognition element results in a modification of current flow of the VeSFET, resulting in a detectable signal. The chemical sensor device may further comprise an amplifier configured to receive the detectable signal and produce an amplified signal, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to receive the amplified signal and to produce a digital signal that represents the amplified signal.

Abstract: Methods of detecting unknown genetic modifications in a DNA sample from an organism are disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for use in extending a molecular chain includes a carrier group and a payload group. The carrier group comprising a signaling group and a blocking group. A first bond bonds the payload group to the carrier group and a second bond bonds the signaling group to the blocking group. The first and second bonds are selectively cleavable such that the first bond is cleavable without cleaving the second bond. The payload group is to be attached to the molecular chain, while the blocking group is to block further attachments to the molecular chain once the payload group has been attached. The signaling group comprises a photon emitter that emits a signature photon in response to interrogation by an interrogatory photon. The carrier group transitions from a loaded state to an empty state upon cleavage of the first covalent bond.

Abstract: A method for identifying an interaction between a pathogen and a biological agent includes providing a platform for supporting cell growth, seeding different interaction sites on the platform with different biological agents, perfusing the platform with a fluid that carries substances for promoting growth and maintenance of the cells, exposing all of the interaction sites to a solution containing viruses, and detecting evidence indicative of the interaction, the evidence comprising evidence indicative of a change in structure or composition of a medium at the interaction site. The biological agent includes cells alone or cells with another substance.

Abstract: Described herein are genetically engineered template-independent DNA polymerases, specifically terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases, and methods of using these polymerases to control DNA synthesis by adding a single nucleotide (mononucleotide) at a time to the 3? end of a growing single-stranded DNA polynucleotide.

Abstract: A micro-coaxial wire has an overall diameter in a range of 0.1 ?m-550 ?m, a conductive core of the wire has a cross-sectional diameter in a range of 0.05 ?m-304 ?m, an insulator is disposed on the conductive core with thickness in a range of 0.005 ?m-180 ?m, and a conductive shield layer is disposed on the insulator with thickness in a range of 0.009 ?m-99 ?m.

Abstract: A parallelized chain-synthesizing technique includes capillary tubes, where each tube provides multiple locations or addresses where a specific arbitrary sequence for polymeric chains can be synthesized. An optical addressing system selectively delivers light to the locations to mediate or control reactions in the tubes.

Abstract: A composition for use in extending a molecular chain includes a carrier group and a payload group. The carrier group comprising a signaling group and a blocking group. A first bond bonds the payload group to the carrier group and a second bond bonds the signaling group to the blocking group. The first and second bonds are selectively cleavable such that the first bond is cleavable without cleaving the second bond. The payload group is to be attached to the molecular chain, while the blocking group is to block further attachments to the molecular chain once the payload group has been attached. The signaling group comprises a photon emitter that emits a signature photon in response to interrogation by an interrogatory photon. The carrier group transitions from a loaded state to an empty state upon cleavage of the first covalent bond.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for optically-verified, sequence-controlled polymer synthesis are described.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically-verified de novo DNA synthesis includes a microfluidic system that has channels leading in and out of a synthesis chamber having a functionalized region on a floor thereof on which a single-strand of DNA to which a nucleotide is to be attached can be fixed. The chamber is in optical communication with both an illumination system, which excites an electron in a fluorophore that is attached to the DNA strand, a detection system, which detects a signature photon emitted as the excited electron decays into its ground state.

Abstract: A wire includes an elongate conductive core wire, an elongate insulating layer disposed on and surrounding the elongate conductive core wire, an elongate conductive shield wire disposed adjacent to the insulating layer and the elongate conductive core wire, an elongate conductive shield layer disposed on the insulating layer and on the conductive shield wire such that the elongate insulating layer, the elongate conductive core wire, and the elongate conductive shield wire are embedded in the elongate conductive shield layer, the elongate conductive shield wire being electrically connected to the elongate conductive shield layer.

Abstract: A parallelized chain-synthesizing technique includes an array of wells, each well in the array providing a location where a specific arbitrary sequence for polymeric chains can be grown. An optical addressing system selectively delivers light to the wells to mediate or control reactions in the wells.