Abstract: A skid-steer delivery autonomous ground vehicle has a drive train and suspension that aids in maneuverability. The AGV has six wheels, each of which is powered by its own motor. The AGV has features that diminish the dragging effect on the wheels, either by choice of wheel features or by taking weight off the front wheels during turning.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a pick or stow system that uses a mechanical system to stow an item into a container, retrieve an item from the container, or both. In one embodiment, the mechanical system includes a gantry or a robotic arm that permits various sensors, tools, or end effectors to interact with a plurality of containers. For example, the plurality of containers may be supported by a rack where each container may have any number of types of items. The gantry or robotic arm can move the sensors, tools, or end effectors to a particular container to either stow an item into the container or pick an item from the container.

Abstract: A chassis and skin of a delivery Autonomous Ground Vehicle include discrete upper and lower thermal management systems. The lower thermal management system is indirect, as is moves air through a closed duct that is in contact with high-heat dissipating components via heat sinks. The upper thermal management system is direct, as it moves air into the interior cavity of the AGV to cool sensors and other electronic equipment.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for robotic picking assemblies configured to grasp multiple items. In one embodiment, an example system may include a picking assembly coupled to a vacuum system, the picking assembly having a first suction cup assembly with a first suction cup and a first sensor, and a second suction cup assembly with a second suction cup and a second sensor. The example system may include a controller configured to cause the picking assembly to grasp a plurality of items, where the plurality of items includes a first item and a second item. The controller may be further configured to cause the picking assembly to move from a first position to a second position, and cause the picking assembly to release the first item at a first time and the second item at a second time.

Abstract: A skid-steer delivery autonomous ground vehicle has a drive train and suspension that aids in maneuverability. The AGV has six wheels, each of which is powered by its own motor. The AGV has features that diminish the dragging effect on the wheels, either by choice of wheel features or by taking weight off the front wheels during turning.

Abstract: Energy absorbing means on an autonomous ground robot, which is intended for delivering packages in an uncontrolled and unprotected environment, include elastically deformable padding, crushable material, and spring-loaded or like mechanical devices.

Abstract: A delivery AGV has a hybrid braking system. An emergency electrical brake shorts between motor contacts to stop the AGV quickly, but it doesn't work well to keep the AGV stopped, such as when on a hill. A mechanical parking brake is electrically actuated to lock the wheels. Both systems can be used at once for stopping the AGV.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling mobile drive units (e.g., robots) in proximity to humans in a physical area are described. A management device may send an activity message to the mobile drive units instructing the mobile drive units to perform a set of activities. If a human is detected in the physical area, the management device or another mobile drive unit may send an activity command instructing a mobile drive unit to stop, reduce the speed at which it is traveling, to change its path of travel, or to continue performing its set of activities. If the mobile drive units do not receive the activity command, the mobile drive units may stop performing the set of activities. After the management device determines that the human has left the physical area, the management device may resume sending the activity message.

Abstract: A chassis and skin of a delivery Autonomous Ground Vehicle include an aluminum structure and polymer panels affixed to the AGV by fasteners. The panels are mutually overlapping. A method of assembly includes hooks and clips to put and hold the panels in place during assembly.

Abstract: A grasp management system and corresponding methods are described. In some examples, information about a set of grasps of a robotic manipulator is accessed. The information is used by the robotic manipulator to attempt to grasp an item using the set of grasps associated with a first grasping orientation. An orientation of the robotic manipulator can be adjusted into a second grasping orientation and the robotic manipulator can attempt to grasp the item using the set of grasps associated with the second grasping orientation. Information about the attempts can be recorded and used to determine a richness measure that may represent a richness of the set of grasps for the item.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques for optimizing gross cubic utilization of inventory space by compressing items into closer proximity. In some embodiments, the inventory system selects an initial force limit to which an item to be stored may be subjected. The inventory system may cause a robotic arm to grasp the item and to push that item into a determined storage location. The inventory system then pushes the item into the storage location while applying a force up to the initial force limit to the item. While monitoring the position of the item, the inventory system may detect that the changes in position of the item are decreasing or stopping and determine that the item is approaching its force limit. The inventory system then updates database records with the force limit associated with the item.

Abstract: An example system includes a moveable arm, a pick tool connected to the arm, and a controller. The pick tool includes a first finger, a second finger disposed opposite the first finger, a first handler disposed at a first end of the first finger, and a second handler disposed at a first end of the second finger. Rotation of the first and second handlers while first and second forces are applied to an item by the first and second handlers, respectively, causes movement of the item.

Abstract: Robotic arms or manipulators can be utilized to grasp inventory items within an inventory system. Information can be obtained about constraints relative to relevant elements of a process of transferring the item from place to place. Examples of such elements may include a grasping location from which an item is to be grasped, a receiving location in which a grasped item is to be placed, or a space between the grasping location and the receiving location. The information about the constraints can be used to select from multiple possible grasping options, such as by eliminating options that conflict with the constraints or preferring options that outperform others given the constraints.

Abstract: An inventory packing system and method are described. In some examples, a plurality of items having various dimensions may be accessed. A plurality of trays having various height dimensions into which the plurality of items can be packed may be identified. The plurality of items may be grouped into one or more groups based on height. Allocated inventory trays may be searched to locate free space that can function as a packing location for a first item. If free space is not found in the allocated inventory trays, other inventory trays can be allocated, searched, and free space identified in one of the other inventory trays.

Abstract: Described herein is an inventory management system and methods of operating a robotic arm assembly in which the level of compliance of the robotic arm assembly is altered in order to achieve a high gross cubic utilization. In at least some embodiments, a robotic arm assembly may adopt a low level of compliance when grasping an item. The inventory management system may identify an appropriate storage location for the item and move the item to that storage location. Upon reaching the storage location, the robotic arm assembly may adopt a higher level of compliance. The robotic arm assembly may then push the item against one or more other items in order to insert the item into the determined storage location.

Abstract: Features are disclosed for a mobile drive unit and systems including mobile drive units that eliminate the need for dedicated lifting motors. The mobile drive unit arrangements described leverage existing motors used to drive the rolling elements (e.g., wheels) of the mobile drive unit to perform the lifting. For example, a mobile drive unit may include four locomotion motors. Because each motor can be individually controlled, the distance between front and rear (or left and right) rolling elements can be used to actuate mechanisms for lifting payloads without requiring a dedicated lifting motor.

Abstract: A robot equipped with an object detection system and an object identification system is used to move inventory holders throughout a warehouse or other environment. The robot can detect objects in its path using the object detection system, which can include one or more sensors for this purpose. The robot can then classify the object using the object identification system to determine an appropriate course of action. The robot can classify the object as an inventory item, warehouse equipment, or a person, among other things. The robot can take action based on the object classification. The robot can reroute around inventory items and warehouse equipment. When encountering people or objects that cannot be classified, the robot can stop and await further instructions. In some cases, the robot may wait for a manual reset before continuing along its path.

Abstract: Robotic units may operate in a workspace that is shared with human workers. In order to safeguard the workers, operation of a robotic unit may be inhibited when a worker is near the robotic unit. In order to determine the position of the worker and thereby determine the proximity of the worker and the robotic unit, a time-of-flight measurement is performed to determine the distance of the worker from each of multiple reference locations within or about the workspace. A circular bounding area is defined around each reference location based on the determined distances. A bounded position area is identified as the intersection of the circular bounding areas. The worker is then indicated as being within the bounded position area.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling mobile drive units (e.g., robots) in proximity to humans in a physical area are described. A management device may send an activity message to the mobile drive units instructing the mobile drive units to perform a set of activities. If a human is detected in the physical area, the management device or another mobile drive unit may send an activity command instructing a mobile drive unit to stop, reduce the speed at which it is traveling, to change its path of travel, or to continue performing its set of activities. If the mobile drive units do not receive the activity command, the mobile drive units may stop performing the set of activities. After the management device determines that the human has left the physical area, the management device may resume sending the activity message.