Abstract: A system includes a conductive sampling swab including a non-mesh substrate and a thermal desorber including a clamping assembly configured to releasably hold the conductive sampling swab. The clamping assembly is configured to be electrically connected to a voltage or current source, and the thermal desorber is configured to resistively heat the conductive sampling swab to a temperature sufficient to vaporize a sample material disposed on the conductive sampling swab.

Abstract: In general, a liquid phase ion mobility spectrometer is described in which ions in a drift chamber are pushed against an increasing retarding electric field by means of liquid flow. In some examples, a method comprises ionizing an analyte to generate ions; introducing the ions into a separation region of a drift chamber; directing, at a velocity, a liquid flow through the separation region to apply first forces to the ions within the separation region of the drift chamber; using an electric field with a non-zero gradient, applying second forces to the ions within a separation region of a drift chamber, the second forces counter the first forces; modifying at least one of the velocity or the electric field; and after modifying at least one of the velocity or the electric field, detecting the ions at an ion detector to generate a signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: In general, a liquid phase ion mobility spectrometer is described in which ions in a drift chamber are pushed against an increasing retarding electric field by means of liquid flow. In some examples, a method comprises ionizing an analyte to generate ions; introducing the ions into a separation region of a drift chamber; directing, at a velocity, a liquid flow through the separation region to apply first forces to the ions within the separation region of the drift chamber; using an electric field with a non-zero gradient, applying second forces to the ions within a separation region of a drift chamber, the second forces counter the first forces; modifying at least one of the velocity or the electric field; and after modifying at least one of the velocity or the electric field, detecting the ions at an ion detector to generate a signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: A dual source ionizer includes a first ionization source and a second ionization source. The first ionization source is configured to generate a first electric field. The first electric field has a first field strength that is insufficient to form NOx? ions. The second ionization source is configured to generate a second electric field. The second electric field has a second field strength that is sufficient to form ozone and the NOx? ions.

Abstract: A dual source ionizer includes a first ionization source and a second ionization source. The first ionization source is configured to generate a first electric field. The first electric field has a first field strength that is insufficient to form NOx? ions. The second ionization source is configured to generate a second electric field. The second electric field has a second field strength that is sufficient to form ozone and the NOx? ions.

Abstract: A dual source ionizer is provided. The dual source ionizer includes a first photoionization source configured to emit low flux ultraviolet (UV) light to generate primarily NO3? ions, and a second photoionization source configured to emit high flux UV light to generate primarily ions other than NO3? ions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include mixing a sample of a substance of interest with an additive and then producing an adduct using an ionization source. The systems and methods further include performing a spectrometric analysis of the adduct and identifying the sample using comparative spectrometric data.

Abstract: A dual source ionizer includes a first ionization source and a second ionization source. The first ionization source is configured to generate a first electric field. The first electric field has a first field strength that is insufficient to form NOx? ions. The second ionization source is configured to generate a second electric field. The second electric field has a second field strength that is sufficient to form ozone and the NOx? ions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.

Abstract: A method for detecting a chemical substance includes collecting a sample of a substance of interest and mixing the sample and at least one additive within a reaction chamber. The at least one additive includes a plurality of isotopes. The method also includes producing a plurality of adduct ions of the sample. The plurality of adduct ions has a plurality of isotopes. The method further includes performing a spectrometric analysis of the plurality of adduct ions and performing sample identification using comparative spectrometric data of the isotopes of the plurality of adduct ions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include mixing a sample of a substance of interest with an additive and then producing an adduct using an ionization source. The systems and methods further include performing a spectrometric analysis of the adduct and identifying the sample using comparative spectrometric data.

Abstract: A dual source ionizer includes a first ionization source and a second ionization source. The first ionization source is configured to generate a first electric field. The first electric field has a first field strength that is insufficient to form NOx? ions. The second ionization source is configured to generate a second electric field. The second electric field has a second field strength that is sufficient to form ozone and the NOx? ions.

Abstract: A method for detecting a chemical substance includes collecting a sample of a substance of interest and mixing the sample and at least one additive within a reaction chamber. The at least one additive includes a plurality of isotopes. The method also includes producing a plurality of adduct ions of the sample. The plurality of adduct ions has a plurality of isotopes. The method further includes performing a spectrometric analysis of the plurality of adduct ions and performing sample identification using comparative spectrometric data of the isotopes of the plurality of adduct ions.