Abstract: A method using compensation learning strategy for a diagnostic of an internal combustion engine component includes operating the component via an actuator command to establish a first operating parameter representative of a first mode of component operation. The method also includes identifying a drift in the first parameter negatively affecting the first mode of operation. The method additionally includes determining compensation to the actuator command to counteract the first parameter drift during the first mode of operation. The method also includes determining compensation to the first parameter using the determined actuator command compensation. The method additionally includes applying the determined parameter compensation directly to the first parameter. The method also includes operating the component using the actuator command to establish a second operating parameter representative of a second mode of component operation.

Abstract: A method using compensation learning strategy for a diagnostic of an internal combustion engine component includes operating the component via an actuator command to establish a first operating parameter representative of a first mode of component operation. The method also includes identifying a drift in the first parameter negatively affecting the first mode of operation. The method additionally includes determining compensation to the actuator command to counteract the first parameter drift during the first mode of operation. The method also includes determining compensation to the first parameter using the determined actuator command compensation. The method additionally includes applying the determined parameter compensation directly to the first parameter. The method also includes operating the component using the actuator command to establish a second operating parameter representative of a second mode of component operation.

Abstract: A hybrid internal combustion engine (HICE) comprises an engine block defining one or more cylinder bores, a cylinder liner disposed within each of the one or more cylinder bores, and a piston comprising a permanent magnet. Each cylinder liner comprises a non-ferromagnetic material and an induction coil encased within the non-ferromagnetic material. The permanent magnet of each piston can be reciprocated via electrical power received by an appurtenant induction coil or repeatedly transported across the height of the induction coil to generate electrical energy. A hybrid powertrain of a vehicle includes a HICE, an electrical energy storage device, and a power electronics module configured to transfer the generated electrical energy between each of the one or more cylinder liners and the energy storage device. A motor/generator engaged with a wheel can drive the wheel or generate power via braking thereof.

Abstract: A method of determining combustion efficiency in an engine includes utilizing a control module having a computer memory, a processor, and inputs and outputs, the processor executing logic stored within the memory, sensing data by first sensors disposed on the engine and second sensors disposed in an exhaust system fluidly coupled to the engine, the first and second sensors electrically connected to the inputs, receiving within the control module data sensed by the first and the second sensors; determining an oxygen content of air entering the engine, determining an oxygen content of exhaust upstream of an oxidation catalyst; determining a fuel latent heat of vaporization; determining a fuel injection quantity to combust with oxygen entering the engine; determining a combustion efficiency index based on the oxygen content of air entering the engine and in the exhaust, and the latent heat of vaporization of fuel; and adjusting a fuel injection quantity.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling fuel injections by a fuel injector in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. First and second fuel injections are applied in each cycle of a piston in the cylinder. First and second electronic control signals are applied to the fuel injector to generate first and second fuel injections by the fuel injector during a first cycle of the piston. A hydraulic fusion state of the generated first and second fuel injections is determined. A parameter of the applied first and second electronic control signals is adjusted in response to determining the hydraulic fusion state and applied to the fuel injector to generate first and second fuel injections by the fuel injector during a second cycle of the piston subsequent to the first cycle.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine includes setting a value of a target fuel quantity to be injected by the fuel injector, initializing a value of a fuel quantity requested from the fuel injector to the value of the target fuel quantity, and correcting the value of the requested fuel quantity. A first learning cycle is performed to correct the value of the requested fuel quantity in which a difference between the target fuel quantity and the injected fuel quantity is calculated and added to the requested fuel quantity to provide a corrected value. The corrected value of the requested fuel quantity is used to determine a reference value of an energizing time that causes the fuel injector to inject a fuel quantity corresponding to the target fuel quantity. The fuel injector is operated based on the determined reference value of the energizing time.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling fuel injections by a fuel injector in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. First and second fuel injections are applied in each cycle of a piston in the cylinder. First and second electronic control signals are applied to the fuel injector to generate first and second fuel injections by the fuel injector during a first cycle of the piston. A hydraulic fusion state of the generated first and second fuel injections is determined. A parameter of the applied first and second electronic control signals is adjusted in response to determining the hydraulic fusion state and applied to the fuel injector to generate first and second fuel injections by the fuel injector during a second cycle of the piston subsequent to the first cycle.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling fuel injectors included in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The fuel injection system includes a fuel rail. The methods and systems measure data for the fuel injector relating fuel injection flow rate and fuel injector energization time at a first rail pressure. The methods and systems transform the measured data using a correlation function t to correlated data relating fuel injection flow rate and injector energization time at a second rail pressure different from the first rail pressure. The methods and systems control the fuel injector using the correlated data relating fuel injection flow rate and injector energization time.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling fuel injectors included in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. The fuel injection system includes a fuel rail. The methods and systems measure data for the fuel injector relating fuel injection flow rate and fuel injector energization time at a first rail pressure. The methods and systems transform the measured data using a correlation function t to correlated data relating fuel injection flow rate and injector energization time at a second rail pressure different from the first rail pressure. The methods and systems control the fuel injector using the correlated data relating fuel injection flow rate and injector energization time.

Abstract: A first test injection of a fuel injector is performed with a first test Energizing Time and the actual fuel quantity injected is measured to obtain a first point of a characteristic curve representing a relationship between the injector Energizing Time and the fuel quantity which is actually injected. A ratio between the actual fuel quantity injected and a nominal fuel quantity corresponding to the first test Energizing Time is calculated and used to determine a plurality of corrected Energizing Times for subsequent test injections. The subsequent test injections are performed using the corrected Energizing Times and the actual fuel quantity that has been injected during each one of the subsequent test injections is measured to obtain further points of the characteristic curve. The characteristic curve of the fuel injector is modeled based on the obtained further points and used to control the operation of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A control apparatus for operating a fuel injector is provided. The control apparatus includes an electronic control unit configured to: identify when the engine is running under a fuel cut-off condition, and then perform a learning procedure to determine an actual value of energizing time that causes the fuel injector to inject a target fuel quantity. The learning procedure provides for the electronic control unit to perform several test injections with different energizing time values and measure an engine torque value caused by the test injection. The measured engine torque values and their correspondent energizing time values are used to extrapolate the actual value of the energizing time as the value that corresponds to a reference value of engine torque that is consistent with the target fuel quantity.

Abstract: A first test injection of a fuel injector is performed with a first test Energizing Time and the actual fuel quantity injected is measured to obtain a first point of a characteristic curve representing a relationship between the injector Energizing Time and the fuel quantity which is actually injected. A ratio between the actual fuel quantity injected and a nominal fuel quantity corresponding to the first test Energizing Time is calculated and used to determine a plurality of corrected Energizing Times for subsequent test injections. The subsequent test injections are performed using the corrected Energizing Times and the actual fuel quantity that has been injected during each one of the subsequent test injections is measured to obtain further points of the characteristic curve. The characteristic curve of the fuel injector is modeled based on the obtained further points and used to control the operation of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine includes setting a value of a target fuel quantity to be injected by the fuel injector, initializing a value of a fuel quantity requested from the fuel injector to the value of the target fuel quantity, and correcting the value of the requested fuel quantity. A first learning cycle is performed to correct the value of the requested fuel quantity in which a difference between the target fuel quantity and the injected fuel quantity is calculated and added to the requested fuel quantity to provide a corrected value. The corrected value of the requested fuel quantity is used to determine a reference value of an energizing time that causes the fuel injector to inject a fuel quantity corresponding to the target fuel quantity. The fuel injector is operated based on the determined reference value of the energizing time.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating an instantaneous pressure value Pinst in a fuel line of a fuel injection system during a fuel multi-injection pattern. The method includes, but is not limited to determining a mean pressure value P inside the fuel line of the fuel injection system (15), and correcting the mean pressure value P with pressure contributions generated by the previous injections of the multi-injection pattern.

Abstract: A control apparatus for operating a fuel injector is provided. The control apparatus includes an electronic control unit configured to: identify when the engine is running under a fuel cut-off condition, and then perform a learning procedure to determine an actual value of energizing time that causes the fuel injector to inject a target fuel quantity. The learning procedure provides for the electronic control unit to perform several test injections with different energizing time values and measure an engine torque value caused by the test injection. The measured engine torque values and their correspondent energizing time values are used to extrapolate the actual value of the energizing time as the value that corresponds to a reference value of engine torque that is consistent with the target fuel quantity.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating an instantaneous pressure value Pinst in a fuel line of a fuel injection system during a fuel multi-injection pattern. The method includes, but is not limited to determining a mean pressure value P inside the fuel line of the fuel injection system (15), and correcting the mean pressure value P with pressure contributions generated by the previous injections of the multi-injection pattern.