Abstract: Axial flux electric machines and associated methods are disclosed herein. One disclosed axial flux electric machine includes a stator having a plurality of pole pieces, a rotor spaced apart from the stator in an axial direction of the axial flux electric machine, and a coiled ribbon of conductive material forming at least part of a pole piece in the plurality of pole pieces. An axial direction of the coiled ribbon of conductive material is substantially parallel to the axial direction of the axial flux electric machine. In some embodiments of the disclosed axial flux electric machine a coiled ribbon of soft magnetic material is coiled with a coiled ribbon of conductive material into an interleaved composite material coil which forms at least part of a pole piece for an axial flux electric machine.

Abstract: A re-timer device includes transceiver circuitry. The transceiver circuitry includes clock generation circuitry and first receiver circuitry. The clock generation circuitry generates a first clock signal. The first receiver circuitry receives the first clock signal and a first input signal. The first receiver circuitry generates a first frequency offset value based on the first input signal and the first clock signal. The first input signal has a first frequency and the first clock signal has a second frequency different than the first frequency. The first receiver circuitry outputs the first frequency offset value.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for circuit breakers with integrated safety, control, monitoring, and protection features. In one aspect, a circuit breaker includes, an input and an output, a switch coupled between the input and the output, a sensor configured to measure the current flowing from the input to the output, and a control system coupled to the sensor and the switch, wherein the control system is configured to perform operations including comparing a rate of change of the current measured by the sensor to a threshold rate of change of current, determining that the rate of change of the current measured by the sensor exceeds the threshold rate of change of current for at least a predetermined period of time, and as a consequence of determining that the rate of change of current exceeds the threshold rate of change, opening the switch, thereby disconnecting the input from the output.

Abstract: Techniques for operating a data center include providing at least one fan coil unit operable to circulate a cooling airflow to a human-occupiable workspace of the data center; providing a plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows in the human-occupiable workspace; forming one or more warm air aisles between the one or more rows of the plurality of computer racks that are in fluid communication with an inlet of the fan coil unit through a warm air plenum, and also with an outlet of the fan coil unit through the human-occupiable workspace and the plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows; adjusting the associated electrical power density of one or more of the plurality of computer racks; and based on the adjustment, adjusting a characteristic of the data center.

Abstract: Techniques for operating a data center include providing at least one fan coil unit operable to circulate a cooling airflow to a human-occupiable workspace of the data center; providing a plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows in the human-occupiable workspace; forming one or more warm air aisles between the one or more rows of the plurality of computer racks that are in fluid communication with an inlet of the fan coil unit through a warm air plenum, and also with an outlet of the fan coil unit through the human-occupiable workspace and the plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows; adjusting the associated electrical power density of one or more of the plurality of computer racks; and based on the adjustment, adjusting a characteristic of the data center.

Abstract: Techniques for operating a data center include providing at least one fan coil unit operable to circulate a cooling airflow to a human-occupiable workspace of the data center; providing a plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows in the human-occupiable workspace; forming one or more warm air aisles between the one or more rows of the plurality of computer racks that are in fluid communication with an inlet of the fan coil unit through a warm air plenum, and also with an outlet of the fan coil unit through the human-occupiable workspace and the plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows; adjusting the associated electrical power density of one or more of the plurality of computer racks; and based on the adjustment, adjusting a characteristic of the data center.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for circuit breakers with integrated safety, control, monitoring, and protection features. In one aspect, a circuit breaker includes, an input and an output, a switch coupled between the input and the output, a sensor configured to measure the current flowing from the input to the output, and a control system coupled to the sensor and the switch, wherein the control system is configured to perform operations including comparing a rate of change of the current measured by the sensor to a threshold rate of change of current, determining that the rate of change of the current measured by the sensor exceeds the threshold rate of change of current for at least a predetermined period of time, and as a consequence of determining that the rate of change of current exceeds the threshold rate of change, opening the switch, thereby disconnecting the input from the output.

Abstract: A thermostat management server may include one or more processors and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising receiving information that characterizes energy usage associated with the plurality of thermostats, receiving parameters characterizing proposed future demand-response events, selecting a combination of thermostats from the plurality of thermostats for which the energy usage can be reduced, simulating a demand response event based on the parameters and using different weather conditions for the combination of the plurality of thermostats, generating statistical probabilities of meeting a plurality of capacity reduction levels based on the different weather conditions, selecting a capacity reduction level from the plurality of capacity reduction levels based on the statistical probabilities, and sending the capacity reduction level to the utility provider computer system.

Abstract: Techniques for providing power to a data center includes transferring heat from a computer data center to warm a fluid stored within an energy regeneration system; circulating the warmed fluid to a flow of compressed gas stored within the energy regeneration system during a discharging process that expands the compressed gas; generating energy with the energy generation system from the discharging process; and providing at least a portion of the generated energy to the computer data center as electrical power.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for circuit breakers with integrated safety, control, monitoring, and protection features. In one aspect, a circuit breaker includes an input and an output, a switch coupled between the input and output, a communications device configured to communicate on a data communications network, and a control system coupled to the switch and the communications device, wherein the control system is configured to perform operations including opening the switch as a consequence of detecting an overcurrent condition in a circuit downstream from the circuit breaker, opening and closing the switch based on one or more instructions received by the communications device from the data communications network, and monitoring the power consumption of the circuit downstream from the circuit breaker.

Abstract: Techniques for operating a data center include providing at least one fan coil unit operable to circulate a cooling airflow to a human-occupiable workspace of the data center; providing a plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows in the human-occupiable workspace; forming one or more warm air aisles between the one or more rows of the plurality of computer racks that are in fluid communication with an inlet of the fan coil unit through a warm air plenum, and also with an outlet of the fan coil unit through the human-occupiable workspace and the plurality of computer racks arranged in one or more rows; adjusting the associated electrical power density of one or more of the plurality of computer racks; and based on the adjustment, adjusting a characteristic of the data center.

Abstract: Circuit breaker panels for use in, e.g., residential and light commercial applications. The circuit breaker panels are configured to perform conventional safety functions and are also configured for remote control and monitoring. The circuit breaker panels can be constructed with remote control and monitoring capability, and circuit breaker panels lacking remote control and monitoring capability can be augmented to include remote control and monitoring capability.

Abstract: A thermostat management server may include one or more processors and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising receiving information that characterizes energy usage associated with the plurality of thermostats, receiving parameters characterizing proposed future demand-response events, selecting a combination of thermostats from the plurality of thermostats for which the energy usage can be reduced, simulating a demand response event based on the parameters and using different weather conditions for the combination of the plurality of thermostats, generating statistical probabilities of meeting a plurality of capacity reduction levels based on the different weather conditions, selecting a capacity reduction level from the plurality of capacity reduction levels based on the statistical probabilities, and sending the capacity reduction level to the utility provider computer system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for circuit breakers with integrated safety, control, monitoring, and protection features. In one aspect, a circuit breaker includes, an input and an output, a switch coupled between the input and the output, a sensor configured to measure the current flowing from the input to the output, and a control system coupled to the sensor and the switch, wherein the control system is configured to perform operations including comparing a rate of change of the current measured by the sensor to a threshold rate of change of current, determining that the rate of change of the current measured by the sensor exceeds the threshold rate of change of current for at least a predetermined period of time, and as a consequence of determining that the rate of change of current exceeds the threshold rate of change, opening the switch, thereby disconnecting the input from the output.

Abstract: This specification describes axial relays. One of the axial relays includes first and second adapters positioned along an axis defining an axial direction, a contact extending along the axial direction between the first adapter and the second adapter, and a driver configured to move the contact relative to at least one of the first and second adapters between a first position and a second position by moving the contact along the axial direction or rotating the contact around the axial direction, such that a first end of the contact is conductively coupled to the first adapter and a second end of the contact is conductively coupled to the second adapter when the contact is at the first position, and the first adapter is conductively decoupled from the first end of the first adapter when the contact is at the second position.

Abstract: Techniques for providing power to a data center includes transferring heat from a computer data center to warm a fluid stored within an energy regeneration system; circulating the warmed fluid to a flow of compressed gas stored within the energy regeneration system during a discharging process that expands the compressed gas; generating energy with the energy generation system from the discharging process; and providing at least a portion of the generated energy to the computer data center as electrical power.

Abstract: Techniques for providing power to a data center includes transferring heat from a computer data center to warm a fluid stored within an energy regeneration system; circulating the warmed fluid to a flow of compressed gas stored within the energy regeneration system during a discharging process that expands the compressed gas; generating energy with the energy generation system from the discharging process; and providing at least a portion of the generated energy to the computer data center as electrical power.

Abstract: Techniques for cooling a data center include operating an air handling system in a first mode of operation to provide an outside airflow cooled through a direct evaporative cooling module to a data center without substantial mixing of the cooled outside airflow with another airflow; determining that a measured outside air contaminant level exceeds a setpoint contaminant level; and based on the determination, operating the air handling system in a second mode of operation to provide a datacenter return airflow cooled through an indirect evaporative cooling module to the data center without substantial mixing of the cooled return airflow with another airflow.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system includes a circuit breaker that includes an electrical input for a power circuit and positioned on a first holder in a housing of the circuit breaker system; a cooling device positioned on a second holder adjacent to the first holder in the housing, the cooling device configured to dissipate heat generated by the circuit breaker; and a control system coupled to the circuit breaker and the cooling device, the control system configured to determine a temperature condition of the circuit breaker and control the cooling device based at least in part on the determined temperature condition.

Abstract: Techniques for treating an outside airflow with a direct evaporative economizer include circulating an airflow from an ambient environment into a direct evaporative economizer; circulating a cooling fluid into the direct evaporative economizer at a first rate so that a temperature condition of a supply airflow meets a predetermined range of setpoint temperatures; evaporating at least a portion of the cooling fluid circulated at the first rate into the airflow; determining that a measured air contaminant level of the airflow is greater than a setpoint contaminant level; and based on the determination, circulating the cooling fluid into the direct evaporative economizer at a second rate to precipitate a plurality of contaminants from the airflow into the cooling fluid, the second flow rate of the cooling fluid operable to adjust the temperature condition of the supply airflow outside of the predetermined range of setpoint temperatures of the supply airflow.