Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells to increase T cell response and to reduce pain and discomfort due to long electric waveform application and due to muscle contractions. The method for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells includes the steps of: (a.) administering a polynucleotide vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b.) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity to the administration site, and (c.) applying a sequence of at least three single, operator-controlled, independently programmed, narrow interval electrical waveforms, which have pulse intervals that are less than 100 milliseconds, to deliver the polynucleotide vaccine into the skin cells by electroporation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide cancer vaccines to increase T cell response and reduce pain due to long electric waveform application and muscle contractions. The method includes the steps of: (a.) administering a polynucleotide cancer vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b.) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity of the administration site, and (c.) applying a sequence of at least three electrical waveforms to deliver the polynucleotide cancer vaccine into skin cells by electroporation. The sequence has at least one of the following characteristics {1} at least two of the waveforms differ in amplitude, {2} at least two of the waveforms differ in width, and (3) a first waveform interval for a first set of two of the waveforms is different from a second waveform interval for a second set of two of the waveforms.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells to increase T cell response and reduce pain and discomfort due to long electric waveform application and due to muscle contractions. The method includes administering a polynucleotide vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity to the administration site, and (c) applying a sequence of at least three single, operator-controlled, independently programmed, narrow interval electrical waveforms, which have pulse intervals that are less than 100 milliseconds, to deliver the 15 polynucleotide vaccine into the skin cells by electroporation.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells to increase T cell response and to reduce pain and discomfort due to long electric waveform application and due to muscle contractions. The method for the delivery of polynucleotide vaccines into mammalian skin cells includes the steps of: (a.) administering a polynucleotide vaccine into the skin at an administration site, (b.) applying a needle electrode to the skin in the vicinity to the administration site, and (c.) applying a sequence of at least three single, operator-controlled, independently programmed, narrow interval electrical waveforms, which have pulse intervals that are less than 100 milliseconds, to deliver the polynucleotide vaccine into the skin cells by electroporation.