Abstract: The invention relates to bidimensional organic membranes or diaphragms and to their preparation processes.These diaphragms have at least one monomolecular layer of organic molecules A, such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines and porphyrazines. In a layer, each molecule A is directly or indirectly bonded to n (n.gtoreq.3) identical molecules A by n bonds arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the molecule A.Therefore there diaphragms have microscopic physical properties identical in at least two directions of the plane of the diaphragm. They can be used as conductive diaphragms.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the detection of molecular or ionic species, comprising:(a) contacting a gaseous or liquid medium containing the species to be detected with a film comprising at least one monomolecular layer of amphiphilic compound chosen from among the tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) charge transfer complexes and the tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) salts, which conduct electricity or are precursors of electricity conducting charge transfer complexes and(b) determining the variation of one of the physical properties of the film.It is in particular possible to use layers of TCNQ alkyl-pyridinium, TCNQ alkyl-quinolinium, for detecting iodine, nitrogen oxides and fluoric compounds.

Abstract: Electrically-conducting films comprising at least one monomolecular layer of an organic charge transfer complex and their production process.These films comprise at least one monomolecular layer of an organic charge transfer complex having at least one electron acceptor group and at least one electron donor group, the electron acceptor and/or donor group having at least one hydrocarbon chain with 16 to 30 carbon atoms and the electron acceptor and/or donor groups being organized in such a way that two adjacent groups of the same type, namely electron donors or electron acceptors, can be sufficiently coupled in the plane of the layer to exchange an electron and ensure an electrical conduction in said plane.The charge transfer complex can be an alkyl pyridinium-tetracyanoquinodimethane.

Abstract: Process for producing a film having at least one monomolecular layer of non-amphiphilic molecules.This process comprises the following stages:(a) combining non-amphiphilic molecules A, such as pyridine, with amphiphilic molecules B, such as a zinc porphyrin, in order to form a complex of molecules A and B;(b) forming on the surface of the liquid a monomolecular layer of the thus obtained complex, and(c) transferring the thus formed monomolecular layer to a rigid support.Molecules A and B can form between them a charge transfer complex, e.g. TCNQ-alkyl pyridinium which makes it possible to obtain laminated structures of organic conductors.

Abstract: The material comprises a membrane constituted either by at least one monomolecular layer of amphiphilic molecules, or by amphiphilic molecules adsorbed on a substrate, and microaggregates of the metal, inorganic compound or organometallic compound retained on or in the membrane. It is prepared from a membrane containing a metal ion or a precursor compound of said metal, inorganic compound or organometallic compound, by reacting the ion or precursor compound fixed in the membrane with at least one reagent for forming the metal, inorganic compound or organometallic compound in situ in the membrane. For example, the membrane can be constituted by monomolecular layers of behenic acid, which is then converted into silver behenate by contacting with a silver nitrate solution. Silver microaggregates are then formed in the membrane by reducing the silver behenate by means of hydrazine.

Abstract: Photosensitive film which can be used in microgravure, wherein it comprises at least one organic monomolecular layer having amphiphilic molecules with at least one irradiation polymerizable function and one aliphatic chain with at least 12 carbon atoms, a polymerizable function being located at the hydrophobic end of said molecules.The photosensitive films can be used with particular advantage in the production of microetched objects, such as optical and holographic systems, integrated optical devices and electronic microcircuits.