Abstract: This disclosure describes methods, apparatuses, and systems to determine the presence of a chemical substance in an environment, by detecting one or more chemical substances in the environment by using at least one sensor that performs one or more electrochemical tests on one or more chemical samples in the environment, and generates one or more electrical signals corresponding to the chemical samples in the environment. The methods, apparatuses, and systems may also receive and process the one or more electrical signals corresponding to the one or more samples from the environment, wherein the methods, apparatuses, and systems compare the electrical signals to electrical signals corresponding to profiles of known chemical substances in the environment to determine if a match exists. The methods, apparatuses, and systems may compare the electrical signals to baseline threshold values of known chemical substances in the environment to determine if there is an excess or lack of the chemical substance.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods, apparatuses, and systems to determine the presence of a chemical substance in an environment, by detecting one or more chemical substances in the environment by using at least one sensor that performs one or more electrochemical tests on one or more chemical samples in the environment, and generates one or more electrical signals corresponding to the chemical samples in the environment. The methods, apparatuses, and systems may also receive and process the one or more electrical signals corresponding to the one or more samples from the environment, wherein the methods, apparatuses, and systems compare the electrical signals to electrical signals corresponding to profiles of known chemical substances in the environment to determine if a match exists. The methods, apparatuses, and systems may compare the electrical signals to baseline threshold values of known chemical substances in the environment to determine if there is an excess or lack of the chemical substance.

Abstract: A turbocharged or supercharged internal combustion motive system for utilization of gaseous fuel stored as a liquid wherein the liquefied gaseous fuel is vaporized and warmed at least partially with heat removed from the compressed intake combustion air in the turbocharger or supercharger aftercooler. In a preferred embodiment, the compressed intake combustion air is first cooled in an aftercooler against an ambiently cooled coolant and is subsequently cooled in further aftercooler heat exchange passages against an intermediate coolant which transfers heat removed from the compressed intake combustion air to the liquefied gaseous fuel.

Abstract: Separation of oxygen from air is performed in a continuous, cyclic manner using vanadium bronze liquid slurries as reversible chemical absorbents, absorbing at elevated temperature and desorbing at lowered temperature.

Abstract: A process for the integration of a chemical absorption separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air with a combustion process is set forth wherein excess temperature availability from the combustion process is more effectively utilized to desorb oxygen product from the absorbent and then the sensible heat and absorption reaction heat is further utilized to produce a high temperature process stream. The oxygen may be utilized to enrich the combustion process wherein the high temperature heat for desorption is conducted in a heat exchange preferably performed with a pressure differential of less than 10 atmospheres which provides considerable flexibility in the heat exchange.

Abstract: A chemical absorbent air separation process is set forth which uses a temperature swing absorption-desorption cycle in combination with a pressure swing wherein the pressure is elevated in the desorption stage of the process.

Abstract: A continuous chemical air separation is performed wherein oxygen is recovered with a molten alkali metal salt oxygen acceptor in a series of absorption zones which are connected to a plurality of desorption zones operated in separate parallel cycles with the absorption zones. A greater recovery of high pressure oxygen is achieved at reduced power requirements and capital costs.