Abstract: A cast exhaust manifold for an engine is disclosed that is fastened to the engine by a number of independent flanges between each pair of which a spacer is positioned to produce an interference fit when the exhaust manifold is at ambient temperature. The use of independent flanges allow the exhaust manifold to expand when heated without creating high levels of internal stress and the spacers prevent undue distortion of the exhaust manifold when the exhaust manifold cools.

Abstract: A liquid crystal formulation is described. The liquid crystal formulation comprises a first oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material; and at least one additional material selected from a second oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material, non-liquid crystalline oligosiloxane-modified materials, organic liquid crystalline materials, or organic non-liquid crystalline materials, wherein the liquid crystal formulation is nano-phase segregated in the SmC* phase, has an I?SmC* phase transition, with a SmC* temperature range from about 15° C. to about 35° C., has a tilt angle of about 22.5°±6° or about 45°±6°, and has a spontaneous polarization of less than about 50 nC/cm2, and a rotational viscosity of less than about 600 cP. Devices containing liquid crystal formulations are also described.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamic frequency adjustment for interoperability of differential clock recovery, including one or more of the following: a frequency generator for receiving a frequency reference clock signal and generating a plurality of frequency signals by operating on the frequency reference clock signal, the plurality of frequencies signals being output from the frequency generator and each having a different frequency; a flexible distributor for receiving the plurality of frequency signals from the frequency generator and selecting ones of said plurality of frequency signals and transmitting said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals; and a plurality of differential units, each for receiving one of said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, each for applying a differential signal to said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, and each for adding time stamps to the selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals and outputting respective time sta

Abstract: An engine system comprises an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger and an external wastegate valve. The turbocharger includes a housing for an exhaust gas turbine and a separate housing for the wastegate valve. The turbine housing is liquid cooled so as to reduce its operating temperature thereby allowing it to be made from an aluminium alloy so as to save cost and reducing, during use, the radiation of heat therefrom.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optic device. The liquid crystal electro-optic device comprises at least one liquid crystal cell comprising: a pair of substrates having a gap therebetween; a pair of electrodes, the pair of electrodes positioned on one of the substrates or one electrode positioned on each substrate; and a ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material disposed in the gap between the pair of substrates, the ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material exhibiting an I-? SmC* phase sequence wherein the liquid crystal electro-optic device is bistable in operation. The invention also involves a method for making a liquid crystal electro-optic device.

Abstract: A system and method for dynamic frequency adjustment for interoperability of differential clock recovery, including one or more of the following: a frequency generator for receiving a frequency reference clock signal and generating a plurality of frequency signals by operating on the frequency reference clock signal, the plurality of frequencies signals being output from the frequency generator and each having a different frequency; a flexible distributor for receiving the plurality of frequency signals from the frequency generator and selecting ones of said plurality of frequency signals and transmitting said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals; and a plurality of differential units, each for receiving one of said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, each for applying a differential signal to said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, and each for adding time stamps to the selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals and outputting respective time sta

Abstract: A system and method for dynamic frequency adjustment for interoperability of differential clock recovery, comprising: a frequency generator for receiving a frequency reference clock signal and generating a plurality of frequency signals, the plurality of frequency signals being output from the frequency generator and each having a different frequency; a flexible distributor for receiving the plurality of frequency signals from the frequency generator, and transmitting selected frequency signals; and a plurality of differential units, each for receiving the selected frequency signals, applying a differential signal to the selected frequency signals, adding time stamps to the selected frequency signals, and outputting respective time stamped differential selected frequency signals.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) transducer comprises the steps of forming a membrane (5) on a substrate (3), and forming a back-volume in the substrate. The step of forming a back-volume in the substrate comprises the steps of forming a first back-volume portion (7a) and a second back-volume portion (7b), the first back-volume portion (7a) being separated from the second back-volume portion (7b) by a step in a sidewall of the back-volume. The cross-sectional area of the second back-volume portion (7b) can be made greater than the cross-sectional area of the membrane (5), thereby enabling the back-volume to be increased without being constrained by the cross-sectional area of the membrane (5). The back-volume may comprise a third back-volume portion. The third back-volume portion enables the effective diameter of the membrane to be formed more accurately.

Abstract: A clock distribution mechanism for circuit emulation applications, and related method, including one or more of the following: a plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, each of the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators receiving one or more Ethernet packets and generating a recovered clock from the one or more Ethernet packets; a multiplexer for receiving the recovered clocks generated by the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, selecting a one of the recovered clocks generated by the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, and outputting the selected one of the recovered clocks; a normalizer that receives a frequency of the selected one of the recovered clocks and generates a normalized frequency output based on the received frequency of the selected one of the recovered clocks and outputs the normalized frequency output; a clock source selector for receiving a plurality of input clock sources, one of the input clock sources being the normalized frequency output of the normali

Abstract: A liquid crystal structure (200) comprising first and second reflective regions (214a, 214b, 214c) arranged to reflect respective first and second colours. The first and second reflective regions (214a, 214b, 214c) are disposed transversely to the direction of reflection (R). Each region includes a reflective back area and a selector (210) controllable to control light reflected from the region. Furthermore, a controllable reflector (212) is superposed over the reflective region in the direction of reflection (R) and controllable to transmit or scatter incident light.

Abstract: A MEMS device comprises a substrate having at least a first transducer optimized for transmitting pressure waves, and at least a second transducer optimized for detecting pressure waves. The transducers can be optimised for transmitting or receiving by varying the diameter, thickness or mass of the membrane and/or electrode of each respective transducer. Various embodiments are described showing arrays of transducers, with different configurations of transmitting and receiving transducers. Embodiments are also disclosed having an array of transmitting transducers and an array of receiving transducers, wherein elements in the array of transmitting and/or receiving transducers are arranged to have different resonant frequencies. At least one of said first and second transducers may comprise an internal cavity that is sealed from the outside of the transducer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal formulation is described. The liquid crystal formulation comprises a first oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material; and at least one additional material selected from a second oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material, non-liquid crystalline oligosiloxane-modified materials, organic liquid crystalline materials, or non-liquid crystalline materials, wherein the liquid crystal formulation has an I?SmA*?SmC* phase transition, with a SmC* temperature range from about 15° C. to about 35° C., a tilt angle of about 22.5°±6° or about 45°±6°, a spontaneous polarization of less than about 50 nC/cm2., and a rotational viscosity of less than about 600 cP. Devices containing liquid crystal formulations are also described.

Abstract: A liquid crystal formulation is described. The liquid crystal formulation comprises a first oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material; and at least one additional material selected from a second oligosiloxane-modified nano-phase segregating liquid crystalline material, non-liquid crystalline oligosiloxane-modified materials, organic liquid crystalline materials, or organic non-liquid crystalline materials, wherein the liquid crystal formulation is nano-phase segregated in the SmC* phase, has an I?SmC* phase transition, with a SmC* temperature range from about 15° C. to about 35° C., has a tilt angle of about 22.5°±6° or about 45°±6°, and has a spontaneous polarization of less than about 50 nC/cm2, and a rotational viscosity of less than about 600 cP. Devices containing liquid crystal formulations are also described.

Abstract: A MEMS device comprises a membrane layer and a back-plate layer formed over the membrane layer. The membrane layer comprises an outer portion and an inner portion raised relative to the outer portion and a sidewall for connecting the inner portion and the outer portion. The sidewall is non-orthogonal to the outer portion.

Abstract: Methods and systems consistent with embodiments of the present invention provide flexible analysis of a portfolio of intellectual property (IP) assets. IP assets may include, for example, granted patents, registered trademarks, copyrights, patent applications, trademark applications, etc. Analysis consistent with the present invention may include, for example, forecasting worldwide cost estimates for a portfolio of IP assets. An IP portfolio may consist of one or more families of assets. For example, a patent family may include granted patents and related patent applications filed in countries and regional patent offices around the world. Furthermore, IP assets may be categorized into groups. For example, IP assets may be grouped by technology group, company division, patent manager, etc. In certain embodiments, an IP asset may be part of several groups.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optic device. The liquid crystal electro-optic device comprises at least one liquid crystal cell comprising: a pair of substrates having a gap therebetween; a pair of electrodes, the pair of electrodes positioned on one of the substrates or one electrode positioned on each substrate; and a ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material disposed in the gap between the pair of substrates, the ferroelectric, oligosiloxane liquid crystal material exhibiting an I-? SmC* phase sequence wherein the liquid crystal electro-optic device is bistable in operation. The invention also involves a method for making a liquid crystal electro-optic device.

Abstract: A clock distribution mechanism for circuit emulation applications, and related method, including one or more of the following: a plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, each of the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators receiving one or more Ethernet packets and generating a recovered clock from the one or more Ethernet packets; a multiplexer for receiving the recovered clocks generated by the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, selecting a one of the recovered clocks generated by the plurality of digitally controlled oscillators, and outputting the selected one of the recovered clocks; a normalizer that receives a frequency of the selected one of the recovered clocks and generates a normalized frequency output based on the received frequency of the selected one of the recovered clocks and outputs the normalized frequency output; a clock source selector for receiving a plurality of input clock sources, one of the input clock sources being the normalized frequency output of the normali

Abstract: A system and method for dynamic frequency adjustment for interoperability of differential clock recovery, including one or more of the following: a frequency generator for receiving a frequency reference clock signal and generating a plurality of frequency signals by operating on the frequency reference clock signal, the plurality of frequencies signals being output from the frequency generator and each having a different frequency; a flexible distributor for receiving the plurality of frequency signals from the frequency generator and selecting ones of said plurality of frequency signals and transmitting said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals; and a plurality of differential units, each for receiving one of said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, each for applying a differential signal to said selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals, and each for adding time stamps to the selected ones of said plurality of frequency signals and outputting respective time sta

Abstract: A liquid crystal structure (200) comprising first and second reflective regions (214a, 214b, 214c) arranged to reflect respective first and second colours. The first and second reflective regions (214a, 214b, 214c) are disposed transversely to the direction of reflection (R). Each region includes a reflective back area and a selector (210) controllable to control light reflected from the region. Furthermore, a controllable reflector (212) is superposed over the reflective region in the direction of reflection (R) and controllable to transmit or scatter incident light.