Abstract: The present invention relates to a nasogastric formulation comprising an amino acid source, a carbohydrate source, a lipid source, and a fatty acid delivery agent wherein the fatty acid has a bond hydrolysable in the colon to deliver free fatty acids such as short chain fatty acid acetate without having an adverse affect on the capacity to pass through a tube for tube feeding.

Abstract: A food supplement which has beneficial effects for bowel health, and a method of preparing the food supplement are disclosed. The food supplement is derived from fiber extracts from two or more types of fruit or vegetables. The fiber extracts have a majority of soluble solids removed therefrom. The two or more types of fruit or vegetable may be selected from the group consisting of grape, citrus, apple, tomato, carrot, mango, cranberry, papaya, banana, pineapple, kiwi fruit, spinach and melon. The beneficial effects for bowel health are manifest in an increase in levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA's) in the colon.

Abstract: Methods using Peptide YY (PYY) receptor agonists to increase absorption of nutrients from the intestine without a concomitant increase in intestinal energy expenditure. Methods using Peptide YY (PYY) antagonists to decrease absorption of nutrients from the intestine. Pharmaceutical formulations comprising PYY receptor agonists, such as the PYY peptide and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical formulation comprising PYY antagonists.