Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a prognostic method for determining whether a subject is at risk of having the CLAD, comprising: measuring the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK in a biological sample obtained from the subject; comparing the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK with a predetermined reference value and concluding that the subject is at risk of having CLAD when the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK is lower than the predetermined reference value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in vitro method for determining the risk of occurrence of chronic lung graft dysfunction in a human subject comprising: a) measuring the level of CD9+ B cells in a blood sample of the subject, b) comparing the level of CD9+ B cells measured at step a) with one or more reference values of the level of CD9+ B cells, and c) determining the risk of occurrence of chronic lung graft dysfunction in the said subject from the comparison performed at step b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of having the CLAD in a subject by measuring the expression level of TCL1A in a biological sample obtained from said subject. Inventors have used a large-scale gene expression profiling of whole blood cells to identify early biomarkers of BOS. Microarray experiments performed from 80 patients (40 stable (STA) and 40 BOS) identified 47 genes differentially expressed between STA and BOS recipients. An independent set of patients (13 STA, 11 BOS) was then used for external validation by qPCR. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) gene was identified and validated as a predictive marker of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis with area under curve of 0.77. Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of having the chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and to a method for preventing the risk of having CLAD by administering immunosuppressive drugs.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a prognostic method for determining whether a subject is at risk of having the CLAD, comprising: measuring the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK in a biological sample obtained from the subject; comparing the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK with a predetermined reference value and concluding that the subject is at risk of having CLAD when the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK is lower than the predetermined reference value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to allergy field. Several independent groups have recently investigated the implication of PCSK9 on inflammation and sepsis but none of them have determine its impact on allergies and/or asthma which is a global health burden. Inventors have obtained preliminary data on wild-type (PCSK9+/+) or PCSK9-deficient mice (PCSK9 ?/?) and shown that, under basal condition and in the absence of a particular stimulus, PCSK9 deficiency significantly increases the percentage of regulatory T cells in the spleen, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Moreover, inventors have shown the effect of allergic challenge Non primary human bronchial epithelial cells on PCSK9 expression and secretion. Very interestingly, their first results obtained by Q-PCR showed that HDM and LPS increase PCSK9 mRNA levels. Accordingly, the present invention relates to inhibitors of PCSK9 for use in the treatment of asthma and/or allergic disease, such as food allergy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of having the CLAD in a subject by measuring the expression level of TCL1A in a biological sample obtained from said subject. Inventors have used a large-scale gene expression profiling of whole blood cells to identify early biomarkers of BOS. Microarray experiments performed from 80 patients (40 stable (STA) and 40 BOS) identified 47 genes differentially expressed between STA and BOS recipients. An independent set of patients (13 STA, 11 BOS) was then used for external validation by qPCR. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) gene was identified and validated as a predictive marker of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis with area under curve of 0.77. Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of having the chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and to a method for preventing the risk of having CLAD by administering immunosuppressive drugs.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a prognostic method for determining whether a subject is at risk of having the CLAD, comprising: measuring the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK in a biological sample obtained from the subject; comparing the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK with a predetermined reference value and concluding that the subject is at risk of having CLAD when the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK is lower than the predetermined reference value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating allergic asthma in a subject in need thereof comprising a step of administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide comprising or consisting of a biologically active fragment of the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Der p 2.1. Inventors have used a model allergy in a severe asthma allergic (mouse Balbc). They have surprisingly found that when they injected twice the polypeptide derp2.1 in the mouse model after a third asthma attack, the mouse presents a respiratory improvement, reduction of neutrophils and eosinophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), an increase of regulators lymphocytes T and reduction of natural killer cells in the BAL. Thus, the polypeptide derp2.1 is a new tool to treat the allergic asthma by a restoration of lung function and reduction of inflammatory environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in vitro method for determining the risk of occurrence of chronic lung graft dysfunction in a human subject comprising: a) measuring the level of CD9+ B cells in a blood sample of the subject, b) comparing the level of CD9+ B cells measured at step a) with one or more reference values of the level of CD9+ B cells, and c) determining the risk of occurrence of chronic lung graft dysfunction in the said subject from the comparison performed at step b).

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a prognostic method for determining whether a subject is at risk of having the CLAD, comprising: measuring the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK in a biological sample obtained from the subject; comparing the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK with a predetermined reference value and concluding that the subject is at risk of having CLAD when the expression level of POU2AF1 or BLK is lower than the predetermined reference value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Rac1 inhibitor for use as bronchodilator in a patient in need thereof. The invention provides a Rac1 inhibitor for use in a method for inducing bronchodilation in a patient in need thereof. The invention also relates to a Rac1 inhibitor for use in a method for reducing AHR in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Rac1 inhibitor for use as bronchodilator in a patient in need thereof. The invention provides a Rac1 inhibitor for use in a method for inducing bronchodilation in a patient in need thereof. The invention also relates to a Rac1 inhibitor for use in a method for reducing AHR in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polypeptide derived from a mite allergen (Der p 2) useful for the prophylactic treatment of allergic asthma.

Abstract: The invention relates to an in vitro method for the diagnosis and/or prognosis and/or evaluation of the progression of a chronic inflammatory lung disease in a subject, using the level of expression of the GPR15 G protein-coupled receptor gene as a biomarker for the disease.